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<p>Agricultural waste (agri-waste) is produced worldwide in huge amounts, primarily from farming and post-harvest activities. Mismanagement of this massive resource leads to greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrient depletion, and environmental pollution, giving rise to an urgent need for alternative strategies for sustainable use. Agri-waste valorization offers a promising approach to convert this underutilized biomass into valuable products such as biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas) and bioproducts (bioplastics, biofertilizers, and platform chemicals) within a circular economy framework. This review critically evaluates the potential of agricultural residues as renewable feedstock for sustainable biofuel and bioproduct generation. New technologies like deep eutectic solvent pretreatment, microwave-assisted processing, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hybrid conversion systems have shown significant potential for improving biomass digestibility and product yield. In addition, advances in microbial consortia design and catalytic upgrading, as well as biorefinery configurations, have broadened the spectrum of valuable bioproducts that can be produced from agricultural residues. The current review underscores the importance of technological development in realizing this potential and transforming agri-waste from being an environmental concern into a valuable resource. It emphasizes the necessity of incorporating these advances in circular economy models to achieve environmentally friendly biofuel invention and resource utilization.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Advancing agri-waste utilization: a review of state-of-the-art technologies and prospects for biofuels and bioproducts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Zaheer Ud Din Sheikh,
  • Shubham Raina,
  • Neha Kotwal,
  • Vikas Vashishth Sharma,
  • Arti Devi,
  • Anita Singh,
  • Richa Kothari,
  • Deepak Pathania

摘要

Agricultural waste (agri-waste) is produced worldwide in huge amounts, primarily from farming and post-harvest activities. Mismanagement of this massive resource leads to greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrient depletion, and environmental pollution, giving rise to an urgent need for alternative strategies for sustainable use. Agri-waste valorization offers a promising approach to convert this underutilized biomass into valuable products such as biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas) and bioproducts (bioplastics, biofertilizers, and platform chemicals) within a circular economy framework. This review critically evaluates the potential of agricultural residues as renewable feedstock for sustainable biofuel and bioproduct generation. New technologies like deep eutectic solvent pretreatment, microwave-assisted processing, enzymatic hydrolysis, and hybrid conversion systems have shown significant potential for improving biomass digestibility and product yield. In addition, advances in microbial consortia design and catalytic upgrading, as well as biorefinery configurations, have broadened the spectrum of valuable bioproducts that can be produced from agricultural residues. The current review underscores the importance of technological development in realizing this potential and transforming agri-waste from being an environmental concern into a valuable resource. It emphasizes the necessity of incorporating these advances in circular economy models to achieve environmentally friendly biofuel invention and resource utilization.

Graphical Abstract