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<p>Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments, particularly from hospital sources, contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the occurrence of antibiotics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains in hospital wastewater (HWW), wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent (WWI) and effluent (WWE) and seawater (SW). A total of six antibiotics were detected: amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The highest concentration was observed for amoxicillin in HWW (739.1 ng/L). Water samples were processed using an enrichment culture technique on tryptic soy agar supplemented with the detected antibiotics. In total, 111 resistant bacterial strains were isolated across all samples (HWW: n = 44, WWI: n = 35, WWE: n = 22, SW = 10), with amoxicillin and doxycycline yielding the highest number of isolates (n = 20 each). Molecular characterization revealed 29 different haplotypes. Partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed <i>Proteobacteria</i> (93.7%) as the dominant phylum, followed by <i>Firmicutes</i> (3.6%), and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> (2.7%). The analysis revealed 16 different genera including <i>Pseudomonas</i> (n = 22), followed by <i>Klebsiella</i> (n = 15), <i>Citrobacter</i> (n = 12), and <i>Proteus</i> (n = 10). The findings highlight that wastewater environments (HWW and municipal WWTP) serve as potential sources and pathways of antibiotic-resistant bacteria dissemination into the natural environments.</p>

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Dissemination of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from hospital wastewater into wastewater treatment plant and adjacent sea in Mahdia, Tunisia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Bouthaina Souaf,
  • Dhekra Toumi,
  • Wafa Hassen,
  • Mounira Msahli,
  • Hamid Boudjelida,
  • Hadda Imene Ouzari,
  • Rym Hassani,
  • Hedi Ben Mansour

摘要

Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments, particularly from hospital sources, contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the occurrence of antibiotics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains in hospital wastewater (HWW), wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent (WWI) and effluent (WWE) and seawater (SW). A total of six antibiotics were detected: amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The highest concentration was observed for amoxicillin in HWW (739.1 ng/L). Water samples were processed using an enrichment culture technique on tryptic soy agar supplemented with the detected antibiotics. In total, 111 resistant bacterial strains were isolated across all samples (HWW: n = 44, WWI: n = 35, WWE: n = 22, SW = 10), with amoxicillin and doxycycline yielding the highest number of isolates (n = 20 each). Molecular characterization revealed 29 different haplotypes. Partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed Proteobacteria (93.7%) as the dominant phylum, followed by Firmicutes (3.6%), and Bacteroidetes (2.7%). The analysis revealed 16 different genera including Pseudomonas (n = 22), followed by Klebsiella (n = 15), Citrobacter (n = 12), and Proteus (n = 10). The findings highlight that wastewater environments (HWW and municipal WWTP) serve as potential sources and pathways of antibiotic-resistant bacteria dissemination into the natural environments.