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<p>Groundwater-based drinking water sources frequently contain fluoride as a geogenic pollutant. The over-fluoride level in drinking water causes skeletal fluorosis and other serious health issues. Millions of individuals are suffering from fluorosis around the globe. Therefore, several adsorptive agents have been synthesized and incorporated for fluoride elimination from water. This study covers the synthesis of adsorbents from apricot kernel cake and banana leaves for fluoride removal from water. Synthesized materials were subjected to characterization with SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), pHzpc (point of zero charge), Zeta potential, and XRD (x-ray diffractogram). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed successful attachment of iron onto the prepared adsorbents and fluoride ions were also present on adsorbent surface. Adsorption efficiency was observed to be 90.2% and 88.9% by apricot kernel-cake based activated carbon (AK*AC) and banana leaves-based activated carbon (BL*AC), respectively. Other competitive anions such as HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (250&#xa0;mg/L) were examined for their effect on fluoride adsorption at 10&#xa0;mg/L. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed that AK*AC and BL*AC during fluoride adsorption fitted Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> 0.9971 and 0.9881). Fluoride uptake on both adsorbents, pseudo-second-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> 1 and 0.995) observed well fitted. Both adsorbents showed an exothermic adsorption process in temperature effect (25 to 55&#xa0;°C). These materials could work as a good adsorptive agents for the removal of fluoride from water.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Application of iron incorporated activated carbon derived from apricot kernel cake and banana leaves in adsorptive removal of fluoride from aqueous environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Chandra Bhan,
  • Mohmad Hussain,
  • Aakanksha Bharati,
  • Jiwan Singh

摘要

Groundwater-based drinking water sources frequently contain fluoride as a geogenic pollutant. The over-fluoride level in drinking water causes skeletal fluorosis and other serious health issues. Millions of individuals are suffering from fluorosis around the globe. Therefore, several adsorptive agents have been synthesized and incorporated for fluoride elimination from water. This study covers the synthesis of adsorbents from apricot kernel cake and banana leaves for fluoride removal from water. Synthesized materials were subjected to characterization with SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), pHzpc (point of zero charge), Zeta potential, and XRD (x-ray diffractogram). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed successful attachment of iron onto the prepared adsorbents and fluoride ions were also present on adsorbent surface. Adsorption efficiency was observed to be 90.2% and 88.9% by apricot kernel-cake based activated carbon (AK*AC) and banana leaves-based activated carbon (BL*AC), respectively. Other competitive anions such as HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− (250 mg/L) were examined for their effect on fluoride adsorption at 10 mg/L. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed that AK*AC and BL*AC during fluoride adsorption fitted Langmuir isotherm (R2 0.9971 and 0.9881). Fluoride uptake on both adsorbents, pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 1 and 0.995) observed well fitted. Both adsorbents showed an exothermic adsorption process in temperature effect (25 to 55 °C). These materials could work as a good adsorptive agents for the removal of fluoride from water.

Graphical Abstract