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<p>Temperate fruit crops form a vital component of the agricultural economy in India’s northern hill states, including Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh. The major fruits cultivated in these regions apple, pear, peach, plum, walnut, apricot, cherry, and almond. However, their production is increasingly constrained by a broad spectrum of diseases. Key among them are cankers, scab, root rot, <i>Alternaria</i> leaf blotch and fruit spot, <i>Marssonina</i> leaf blotch, powdery mildew, peach leaf curl, gummosis in stone fruits, walnut anthracnose, peach shot hole, and various viral diseases of apple. These fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens inflict substantial economic losses by reducing both yield and fruit quality. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the major diseases affecting temperate fruit crops, summarizing research progress, management challenges, and existing control strategies. By examining the etiology, epidemiology, and management approaches, it provides an updated understanding of disease dynamics and highlights key research gaps. Ultimately, the review aims to guide evidence-based, resilient disease management practices to sustain the productivity and profitability of temperate fruit cultivation and safeguard the livelihoods of farming communities in India’s hill regions.</p>

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Review of key diseases affecting temperate fruit crops and their sustainable management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • E. R. Rashmi,
  • Sajad Un Nabi,
  • Arun Kishor,
  • Chandni

摘要

Temperate fruit crops form a vital component of the agricultural economy in India’s northern hill states, including Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh. The major fruits cultivated in these regions apple, pear, peach, plum, walnut, apricot, cherry, and almond. However, their production is increasingly constrained by a broad spectrum of diseases. Key among them are cankers, scab, root rot, Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot, Marssonina leaf blotch, powdery mildew, peach leaf curl, gummosis in stone fruits, walnut anthracnose, peach shot hole, and various viral diseases of apple. These fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens inflict substantial economic losses by reducing both yield and fruit quality. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the major diseases affecting temperate fruit crops, summarizing research progress, management challenges, and existing control strategies. By examining the etiology, epidemiology, and management approaches, it provides an updated understanding of disease dynamics and highlights key research gaps. Ultimately, the review aims to guide evidence-based, resilient disease management practices to sustain the productivity and profitability of temperate fruit cultivation and safeguard the livelihoods of farming communities in India’s hill regions.