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<p><i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>, an incitant of the ear rot of maize, produces potent fumonisin, which has received global attention and is known to reduce maize yield by 10–30% and affect grain quality. Recently, the occurrence of <i>F. verticillioides</i> (<i>n</i> = 20) was recorded from major maize-growing localities, and they were characterized morphologically. Twenty isolates of <i>F. verticillioides</i> showed variation in colony mean diameter ranging from 68.33 to 89.33&#xa0;mm, having feathery mycelial growth with colony colour varying from whitish to purplish white and differentiated with pigmentation such as cream white to purple. All the isolates differed with respect to morphological characters, as they had mycelial widths ranging from 2.10&#xa0;μm to 5.97&#xa0;μm, microconidia of size ranging from 7.78 × 2.75&#xa0;μm to 4.49 × 2.30&#xa0;μm and macroconidia of size ranging from 22.43 × 4.38&#xa0;μm to 8.70 × 3.66&#xa0;μm. However, their molecular characterization and fumonisin production were not elucidated. Therefore, in the present investigation, <i>F. verticillioides</i> associated with ear rot of maize was characterized by sequencing ITS-rDNA region and <i>TEF-1a</i> gene sequences and analyzing them phylogenetically. Subsequently, C-NMR analysis was done to characterize the fumonisin production by the <i>F. verticillioides</i> isolates, and the maximum (30&#xa0;mg/kg) was recorded by the Fv16 isolate. Among the tested bioagents, <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> Ta-1 was promising in preventing the test fungus mycelial growth up to 84.22% followed by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> BGREB 73 (64.55%). Further, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> BGREB 73 upon challenge inoculation with <i>F. verticillioides</i>, was also having plant growth-promoting activity where it increased the root, shoot, and total length (10.50&#xa0;cm and 9.68&#xa0;cm) of maize seedlings with maximum germination percentage (100% and vigour index (2119) over the <i>F. verticillioides</i> alone treatment, which affected the seedling performance. This study also identified fumonisin produced by <i>F. verticillioides</i> and characterized using C-NMR and HPLC methods. The findings of the current investigation established a robust foundation for further exploration of fumonisin production at the initial stage, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of its effects on human beings and animals. The findings provide a foundation for developing effective techniques to combat and biodegrade the fumonisin, thereby improving industrial sustainability.</p>

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Molecular characterization of fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides associated with ear rot of maize and their in-vitro management through bioagents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Madapati Renuka,
  • Kadaiah Ajithkumar,
  • Attihalli Shivalingegowda Savitha,
  • Siddalingaiah Thorebeeranahalli Yenjerappa,
  • Shivannegowda Mahadevakumar

摘要

Fusarium verticillioides, an incitant of the ear rot of maize, produces potent fumonisin, which has received global attention and is known to reduce maize yield by 10–30% and affect grain quality. Recently, the occurrence of F. verticillioides (n = 20) was recorded from major maize-growing localities, and they were characterized morphologically. Twenty isolates of F. verticillioides showed variation in colony mean diameter ranging from 68.33 to 89.33 mm, having feathery mycelial growth with colony colour varying from whitish to purplish white and differentiated with pigmentation such as cream white to purple. All the isolates differed with respect to morphological characters, as they had mycelial widths ranging from 2.10 μm to 5.97 μm, microconidia of size ranging from 7.78 × 2.75 μm to 4.49 × 2.30 μm and macroconidia of size ranging from 22.43 × 4.38 μm to 8.70 × 3.66 μm. However, their molecular characterization and fumonisin production were not elucidated. Therefore, in the present investigation, F. verticillioides associated with ear rot of maize was characterized by sequencing ITS-rDNA region and TEF-1a gene sequences and analyzing them phylogenetically. Subsequently, C-NMR analysis was done to characterize the fumonisin production by the F. verticillioides isolates, and the maximum (30 mg/kg) was recorded by the Fv16 isolate. Among the tested bioagents, Trichoderma asperellum Ta-1 was promising in preventing the test fungus mycelial growth up to 84.22% followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens BGREB 73 (64.55%). Further, Pseudomonas fluorescens BGREB 73 upon challenge inoculation with F. verticillioides, was also having plant growth-promoting activity where it increased the root, shoot, and total length (10.50 cm and 9.68 cm) of maize seedlings with maximum germination percentage (100% and vigour index (2119) over the F. verticillioides alone treatment, which affected the seedling performance. This study also identified fumonisin produced by F. verticillioides and characterized using C-NMR and HPLC methods. The findings of the current investigation established a robust foundation for further exploration of fumonisin production at the initial stage, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of its effects on human beings and animals. The findings provide a foundation for developing effective techniques to combat and biodegrade the fumonisin, thereby improving industrial sustainability.