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<p>Fire blight, caused by <i>Erwinia amylovora</i>, severely affects pear production worldwide. Reliance on copper compounds and antibiotics has led to resistance issues and phytotoxicity, prompting the search for safer alternatives. A 2022–2023 laboratory study at Shahrood, Iran, evaluated two plant-derived monoterpenes—trans-anethole and carvacrol—for fire blight management through irrigation. Both compounds showed strong antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values of 94&#xa0;µg/mL and 188&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. Response Surface Methodology identified an optimal combination of 141&#xa0;µg/mL trans-anethole and 47&#xa0;µg/mL carvacrol, which significantly reduced bacterial growth. Irrigation with this mixture decreased disease severity in Pyrodwarf rootstocks by 48.5%, highlighting the potential of monoterpene-based formulations as eco-friendly tools for fire blight control.</p>

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Harnessing monoterpenes for pear fire blight management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Mahdi Akhlaghi,
  • Mohammad Reza Alymanesh,
  • Abbas Rohani,
  • Ali Reza Barjasteh,
  • Javad Ramezani Avval Reiabi

摘要

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, severely affects pear production worldwide. Reliance on copper compounds and antibiotics has led to resistance issues and phytotoxicity, prompting the search for safer alternatives. A 2022–2023 laboratory study at Shahrood, Iran, evaluated two plant-derived monoterpenes—trans-anethole and carvacrol—for fire blight management through irrigation. Both compounds showed strong antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values of 94 µg/mL and 188 µg/mL, respectively. Response Surface Methodology identified an optimal combination of 141 µg/mL trans-anethole and 47 µg/mL carvacrol, which significantly reduced bacterial growth. Irrigation with this mixture decreased disease severity in Pyrodwarf rootstocks by 48.5%, highlighting the potential of monoterpene-based formulations as eco-friendly tools for fire blight control.