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<p>Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is one of the most destructive citrus diseases, caused primarily by <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>. Early diagnosis is difficult due to symptom similarity with nutrient deficiencies and the uneven distribution of the pathogen. Recent advances in detection include portable assays such as LAMP, RPA, ddPCR, CRISPR-based tests, and VOC profiling. Management strategies span pathogen-, host-, and vector-targeted approaches. Pathogen-focused methods include antimicrobial compounds, nanoparticle-based delivery, thermotherapy, and metal- or amino-acid–binding proteins; several therapeutics (Clidinium Bromide, Pimozide, Sulfasalazine, Folic acid) show potential. Host-level interventions include transgenic citrus expressing antimicrobial proteins (e.g., 2&#xa0;S albumin) or stress- and insect-tolerance genes such as <i>PRpnp</i>. These integrated efforts highlight the need for scalable, sustainable solutions to protect global citrus production.</p>

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Citrus Huanglongbing: innovative strategies for sustainable management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • Dilip Ghosh,
  • Rushikesh Bharsakale,
  • Ashish Warghane,
  • Ashwani K Sharma

摘要

Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is one of the most destructive citrus diseases, caused primarily by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Early diagnosis is difficult due to symptom similarity with nutrient deficiencies and the uneven distribution of the pathogen. Recent advances in detection include portable assays such as LAMP, RPA, ddPCR, CRISPR-based tests, and VOC profiling. Management strategies span pathogen-, host-, and vector-targeted approaches. Pathogen-focused methods include antimicrobial compounds, nanoparticle-based delivery, thermotherapy, and metal- or amino-acid–binding proteins; several therapeutics (Clidinium Bromide, Pimozide, Sulfasalazine, Folic acid) show potential. Host-level interventions include transgenic citrus expressing antimicrobial proteins (e.g., 2 S albumin) or stress- and insect-tolerance genes such as PRpnp. These integrated efforts highlight the need for scalable, sustainable solutions to protect global citrus production.