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<p>The rising global demand for food, driven by rapid population growth and changing dietary patterns, underscores the urgent need to enhance wheat production through effective disease management, as wheat is highly susceptible to a diverse array of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Traditional control methods such as chemical treatments and cultural practices, while useful, face limitations due to environmental concerns, pathogen resistance, and economic constraints, necessitating innovative and integrated approaches. Recent advances in plant pathology and molecular biology have provided multiple strategies to improve wheat resistance. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) enhance the plant’s innate immunity via pathogen-induced or microbe-mediated signaling, respectively, often involving the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins with antimicrobial activity. Effectors and transcription factors (TFs) further regulate defense pathways by modulating gene expression, while modern molecular tools such as RNA interference (RNAi), Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), and CRISPR/Cas enable precise manipulation of genes associated with susceptibility and resistance. Breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genome-wide selection, facilitate the incorporation of resistance traits into elite cultivars, complemented by Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) populations for identifying beneficial mutations and gene cassettes for stacking multiple resistance genes. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, influence heritable defense responses, offering new avenues for durable resistance. The integration of molecular, genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-mediated approaches provide a robust framework for developing wheat varieties with broad-spectrum, durable disease resistance, thereby contributing significantly to sustainable agriculture and global food security.</p>

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Enhancing wheat disease resistance: emerging tools and breeding strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月14日

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  • Pramod Prasad

摘要

The rising global demand for food, driven by rapid population growth and changing dietary patterns, underscores the urgent need to enhance wheat production through effective disease management, as wheat is highly susceptible to a diverse array of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Traditional control methods such as chemical treatments and cultural practices, while useful, face limitations due to environmental concerns, pathogen resistance, and economic constraints, necessitating innovative and integrated approaches. Recent advances in plant pathology and molecular biology have provided multiple strategies to improve wheat resistance. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) enhance the plant’s innate immunity via pathogen-induced or microbe-mediated signaling, respectively, often involving the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins with antimicrobial activity. Effectors and transcription factors (TFs) further regulate defense pathways by modulating gene expression, while modern molecular tools such as RNA interference (RNAi), Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), and CRISPR/Cas enable precise manipulation of genes associated with susceptibility and resistance. Breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genome-wide selection, facilitate the incorporation of resistance traits into elite cultivars, complemented by Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) populations for identifying beneficial mutations and gene cassettes for stacking multiple resistance genes. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, influence heritable defense responses, offering new avenues for durable resistance. The integration of molecular, genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-mediated approaches provide a robust framework for developing wheat varieties with broad-spectrum, durable disease resistance, thereby contributing significantly to sustainable agriculture and global food security.