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<p>Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) transmitted begomoviruses associated with betasatellite and alphasatellites, has been a significant challenge in Northwest India. Since the first report of CLCuD from India, it has been witnessed several disease outbreaks, changing disease scenario and appearance of CLCuD-begomovirus variants. To determine the present status of CLCuD and its associated begomoviruses, a survey was conducted during the years of 2020 and 2021 in cotton-growing areas of northwest Indian states, Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The overall CLCuD incidence of 31.8% with 11.4% disease index (PDI) in 2020 and incidence of 35.0% with 11.8 PDI in 2021 were estimated. Molecular analysis of 29 number of CLCuD-begomovirus isolates (6 from 2020 to 23 from 2021) based on CP gene (771 nt) of CLCuD-begomovirus genome, showed 81–100% nucleotide identity among themselves and 69–100% identity with other CLCuD begomoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, the present isolates distributed under three groups; cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and cotton leaf curl Multan virus<i>-</i>Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Ra). CLCuMuV-Ra and CLCuMuV was found to be predominant during 2020 and 2021 respectively, in the cotton growing regions. In recombination analysis, most of the present isolates were identified as recombinants showing overall seven recombination breakpoints. Screening of 13 cotton varieties and 6 Bt-cotton hybrids through whitefly inoculation revealed universal susceptibility to CLCuD, underscoring the lack of resistance in current cultivars. The dynamic nature of CLCuD incidence and the emergence of virus variants highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular epidemiological studies. These efforts are crucial for understanding disease evolution and developing effective management strategies to combat CLCuD in Northwest India.</p>

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Genetic variations of begomovirus associated with cotton leaf curl disease and its incidence in cotton growing regions of Northwest India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Aarti S. Gauns,
  • Marimuthu Elangovan,
  • Supratik Palchoudhury,
  • Halima Khatoon,
  • Bharat Raj Meena,
  • Rupesh Arora,
  • Pradeep Kumar,
  • Satish Kumar Sain,
  • Anirban Roy,
  • Kajal Kumar Biswas

摘要

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted begomoviruses associated with betasatellite and alphasatellites, has been a significant challenge in Northwest India. Since the first report of CLCuD from India, it has been witnessed several disease outbreaks, changing disease scenario and appearance of CLCuD-begomovirus variants. To determine the present status of CLCuD and its associated begomoviruses, a survey was conducted during the years of 2020 and 2021 in cotton-growing areas of northwest Indian states, Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The overall CLCuD incidence of 31.8% with 11.4% disease index (PDI) in 2020 and incidence of 35.0% with 11.8 PDI in 2021 were estimated. Molecular analysis of 29 number of CLCuD-begomovirus isolates (6 from 2020 to 23 from 2021) based on CP gene (771 nt) of CLCuD-begomovirus genome, showed 81–100% nucleotide identity among themselves and 69–100% identity with other CLCuD begomoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, the present isolates distributed under three groups; cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Ra). CLCuMuV-Ra and CLCuMuV was found to be predominant during 2020 and 2021 respectively, in the cotton growing regions. In recombination analysis, most of the present isolates were identified as recombinants showing overall seven recombination breakpoints. Screening of 13 cotton varieties and 6 Bt-cotton hybrids through whitefly inoculation revealed universal susceptibility to CLCuD, underscoring the lack of resistance in current cultivars. The dynamic nature of CLCuD incidence and the emergence of virus variants highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular epidemiological studies. These efforts are crucial for understanding disease evolution and developing effective management strategies to combat CLCuD in Northwest India.