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<p>Rice, a staple food for more than half of the global population, faces increasing threats from emerging and re-emerging diseases that jeopardize yield and food security. Among such established threats, sheath rot of rice, primarily caused by <i>Sarocladium oryzae</i>, remains a persistent constraint across diverse agro-ecological zones. Several recent studies revealed that pathogens like the <i>Fusarium</i> sp. complex, <i>Pseudomonas fuscovaginae</i> are also associated with the disease. Characterised by distinctive spots over the leaf sheath, enclosing the developing panicles, sheath rot can lead to significant grain yield losses, reducing grain quality and increased susceptibility to other opportunistic pathogens. These pathogens produce various phytotoxins like cerulenin and helvolic acids, fumonisins as well as fuscopeptin and syringotoxin which are responsible to cause necrosis in plants. Recent evidence suggests that climate change is intensifying pathogen aggressiveness and altering disease epidemiology. This review consolidates updated knowledge on sheath rot etiology, pathogenicity factors, epidemiology, diagnostics, and integrated management strategies. In addition, critical knowledge gaps are identified, and future research priorities are proposed, including genomics-assisted breeding, microbiome engineering, and predictive epidemiological modelling to mitigate sheath rot in the context of global climate change.</p>

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The rice sheath rot complex: an emerging multifaceted disease threat under climate change

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Susmita Pati,
  • Subhendu Jash,
  • Subrata Dutta

摘要

Rice, a staple food for more than half of the global population, faces increasing threats from emerging and re-emerging diseases that jeopardize yield and food security. Among such established threats, sheath rot of rice, primarily caused by Sarocladium oryzae, remains a persistent constraint across diverse agro-ecological zones. Several recent studies revealed that pathogens like the Fusarium sp. complex, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae are also associated with the disease. Characterised by distinctive spots over the leaf sheath, enclosing the developing panicles, sheath rot can lead to significant grain yield losses, reducing grain quality and increased susceptibility to other opportunistic pathogens. These pathogens produce various phytotoxins like cerulenin and helvolic acids, fumonisins as well as fuscopeptin and syringotoxin which are responsible to cause necrosis in plants. Recent evidence suggests that climate change is intensifying pathogen aggressiveness and altering disease epidemiology. This review consolidates updated knowledge on sheath rot etiology, pathogenicity factors, epidemiology, diagnostics, and integrated management strategies. In addition, critical knowledge gaps are identified, and future research priorities are proposed, including genomics-assisted breeding, microbiome engineering, and predictive epidemiological modelling to mitigate sheath rot in the context of global climate change.