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<p>Red rot caused by <i>Colletotrichum falcatum</i> Went continues to be a major threat to sugarcane cultivation in India and other Asian countries. New pathogenic variants of <i>C. falcatum</i> with acquired virulence were responsible for the breakdown of resistance in the popular varieties and the build-up of red rot epidemics. Such epidemics were responsible for the elimination of many elite sugarcane varieties, and the epidemics caused huge economic losses to sugarcane farmers and the sugar industry. Detailed studies were conducted on pathogenic variation since the 1940s onwards and established that the new <i>C. falcatum</i> variants continuously evolve and adapt to the newly deployed varieties. A large number of <i>C. falcatum</i> isolates were characterized for pathogenic variability on a set of host differentials, and 13 pathotypes named as CF01 to CF13 with distinct pathogenicity profiles were designated in the country during the last 30 years. The newly designated pathotypes are used to screen new varieties to match host resistance with the current pathogenic flora present in the field. Monocropping of a variety in a large area influenced major disease outbreaks and the origin of new pathotypes. In addition to characterizing pathogenic variation in <i>C. falcatum</i>, significant progress has been made on the complete genome and transcriptome of the pathogen and the identification of pathogenicity genes and effectors. Host resistance to <i>C. falcatum</i> in sugarcane has been studied in detail using omic tools and identified putative genes involved in resistance and susceptibility. Improved fungicide delivery through mechanized sett treatment has been achieved, and it offers efficient management of the pathogen, caused by primary sources of infection. Red rot has been the centre point along with cane yield and sugar quality in varietal development, and this has provided stability in cane production in India. However, new tools like genome editing and SNP-based markers need to be utilized in sugarcane improvement, along with field management of the disease using AI and IoTs to sustain sugarcane productivity.</p>

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Red rot of sugarcane: travelling the path on epidemics, pathogen variation, host resistance and management*

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • R. Viswanathan

摘要

Red rot caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went continues to be a major threat to sugarcane cultivation in India and other Asian countries. New pathogenic variants of C. falcatum with acquired virulence were responsible for the breakdown of resistance in the popular varieties and the build-up of red rot epidemics. Such epidemics were responsible for the elimination of many elite sugarcane varieties, and the epidemics caused huge economic losses to sugarcane farmers and the sugar industry. Detailed studies were conducted on pathogenic variation since the 1940s onwards and established that the new C. falcatum variants continuously evolve and adapt to the newly deployed varieties. A large number of C. falcatum isolates were characterized for pathogenic variability on a set of host differentials, and 13 pathotypes named as CF01 to CF13 with distinct pathogenicity profiles were designated in the country during the last 30 years. The newly designated pathotypes are used to screen new varieties to match host resistance with the current pathogenic flora present in the field. Monocropping of a variety in a large area influenced major disease outbreaks and the origin of new pathotypes. In addition to characterizing pathogenic variation in C. falcatum, significant progress has been made on the complete genome and transcriptome of the pathogen and the identification of pathogenicity genes and effectors. Host resistance to C. falcatum in sugarcane has been studied in detail using omic tools and identified putative genes involved in resistance and susceptibility. Improved fungicide delivery through mechanized sett treatment has been achieved, and it offers efficient management of the pathogen, caused by primary sources of infection. Red rot has been the centre point along with cane yield and sugar quality in varietal development, and this has provided stability in cane production in India. However, new tools like genome editing and SNP-based markers need to be utilized in sugarcane improvement, along with field management of the disease using AI and IoTs to sustain sugarcane productivity.