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<p>Over the past two decades, Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) have emerged as significant issues both globally and in Iran, inflicting severe damage on grapevine cultivation worldwide. GTDs encompass various diseases such as esca, petri, apoplexy, cankers, and diebacks. This study involved the purification of 126 fungal isolates collected from infected table grapevine trunk samples across seven grapevine-producing regions in Iran (East Azarbaijan, Fars, Lorestan, Markazi, North Khorasan, Tehran, and West Azarbaijan). Combining ITS region sequencing and morphological studies, the isolates were assigned to 12 genera: <i>Acremonium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Chaetomium</i>, <i>Clonostachys</i>, <i>Cytospora</i>/<i>Valsa</i>, <i>Irpex</i>, <i>Epicoccum</i>, <i>Fomitiporia</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>,<i> Neomicrosphaeropsis</i>, <i>Phaeoacremonium</i>, and <i>Quambalaria</i>. The most frequently isolated fungi were <i>Cytospora-Valsa</i> (23.81%), <i>Neomicrosphaeropsis</i> (19.84%), <i>Alternaria</i> (15.08%), and <i>Clonostachys</i> (15.08%). This study represents the first documented evidence of <i>Acremonium</i> and <i>Neomicrosphaeropsis</i> causing brown wood rot, <i>Chaetomium</i> leading to stem epidermal rot, and <i>Irpex</i> inducing white wood rot on grapevines in Iran. Disease assessment of seedlings inoculated with 29 selected isolates showed that the most aggressive isolates, based on internal canker length included <i>Cytospora</i> sp.-1 (66 mm), <i>Irpex</i> sp.-1 (60.83 mm), and <i>Fomitiporia mediterranea</i> (59 mm). The least aggressive isolates encompassed <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> sp.-3, <i>Clonostachys</i> sp.-1, <i>Neomicrosphaeropsis</i> sp.-1, <i>Quambalaria</i> sp., and <i>Neomicrosphaeropsis</i> sp.-5. Given the increasing economic losses attributed to GTDs, coupled with shifting environmental conditions, the insights gained from this study will lead to develop more effective disease control strategies. Understanding the pathogenicity of these fungi and their varying aggressiveness will help tailor interventions.</p>

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Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Azam Shekariesfahlan,
  • Mahmoud Reza Karimishahri,
  • Ali Dehghani,
  • Mohammad Mohammadipour,
  • Abbasali Ravanlou,
  • Banafsheh Safaiefarahani,
  • Bita Asgari,
  • Rasoul Zare,
  • Mojtaba Ghalandar

摘要

Over the past two decades, Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) have emerged as significant issues both globally and in Iran, inflicting severe damage on grapevine cultivation worldwide. GTDs encompass various diseases such as esca, petri, apoplexy, cankers, and diebacks. This study involved the purification of 126 fungal isolates collected from infected table grapevine trunk samples across seven grapevine-producing regions in Iran (East Azarbaijan, Fars, Lorestan, Markazi, North Khorasan, Tehran, and West Azarbaijan). Combining ITS region sequencing and morphological studies, the isolates were assigned to 12 genera: Acremonium, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Clonostachys, Cytospora/Valsa, Irpex, Epicoccum, Fomitiporia, Fusarium, Neomicrosphaeropsis, Phaeoacremonium, and Quambalaria. The most frequently isolated fungi were Cytospora-Valsa (23.81%), Neomicrosphaeropsis (19.84%), Alternaria (15.08%), and Clonostachys (15.08%). This study represents the first documented evidence of Acremonium and Neomicrosphaeropsis causing brown wood rot, Chaetomium leading to stem epidermal rot, and Irpex inducing white wood rot on grapevines in Iran. Disease assessment of seedlings inoculated with 29 selected isolates showed that the most aggressive isolates, based on internal canker length included Cytospora sp.-1 (66 mm), Irpex sp.-1 (60.83 mm), and Fomitiporia mediterranea (59 mm). The least aggressive isolates encompassed Phaeoacremonium sp.-3, Clonostachys sp.-1, Neomicrosphaeropsis sp.-1, Quambalaria sp., and Neomicrosphaeropsis sp.-5. Given the increasing economic losses attributed to GTDs, coupled with shifting environmental conditions, the insights gained from this study will lead to develop more effective disease control strategies. Understanding the pathogenicity of these fungi and their varying aggressiveness will help tailor interventions.