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<p>This study investigates the synergistic effects of antagonistic endophytes, <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>, in combination with panchagavya, an organic formulation, on the growth, health, and disease resistance of chilli plants (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) against chilli anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum acutatum</i>. Among several treatments evaluated, the combination of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> (1 × 10<sup>8</sup>&#xa0;CFU/ml) and panchagavya (3%) showing the highest efficacy besides, significant improvements were noted in seed germination (82.7%) and seedling vigor (1639.94). This combination involving <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> and panchagavya also reduced chilli anthracnose incidence by 76.03% at 125&#xa0;days after transplanting, with a reduction in disease severity of 15.78%. Additionally, marked improvements in growth were observed compared to the un-inoculated control (T12), with increases of 32.37% in plant height, 57.53% in the number of branches, 38.22% in fruit yield, and 21.84% in biomass. In addition, enhanced production of defense-related compounds and enzymes, including total phenolic content, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, along with proteomic analysis identifying unique proteins in treated plants, further clarified the mechanisms driving these benefits. This study demonstrates that integrating beneficial microbes with organic formulations can significantly improve crop productivity and disease management in chilli cultivation, highlighting the role of sustainable practices in enhancing agricultural performance and environmental health.</p>

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A comprehensive study on synergistic effects of antagonistic endophytes and organic formulations on the management of chilli anthracnose

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • G. B. S. Manikantha Chowdary,
  • R. Sutha Raja Kumar,
  • D. John Christopher

摘要

This study investigates the synergistic effects of antagonistic endophytes, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma asperellum, in combination with panchagavya, an organic formulation, on the growth, health, and disease resistance of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum) against chilli anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Among several treatments evaluated, the combination of B. amyloliquefaciens (1 × 108 CFU/ml) and panchagavya (3%) showing the highest efficacy besides, significant improvements were noted in seed germination (82.7%) and seedling vigor (1639.94). This combination involving B. amyloliquefaciens and panchagavya also reduced chilli anthracnose incidence by 76.03% at 125 days after transplanting, with a reduction in disease severity of 15.78%. Additionally, marked improvements in growth were observed compared to the un-inoculated control (T12), with increases of 32.37% in plant height, 57.53% in the number of branches, 38.22% in fruit yield, and 21.84% in biomass. In addition, enhanced production of defense-related compounds and enzymes, including total phenolic content, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, along with proteomic analysis identifying unique proteins in treated plants, further clarified the mechanisms driving these benefits. This study demonstrates that integrating beneficial microbes with organic formulations can significantly improve crop productivity and disease management in chilli cultivation, highlighting the role of sustainable practices in enhancing agricultural performance and environmental health.