Decoding the genetic diversity and taxonomic position of two novel potyviruses of Tuberose crop in Iran

Tuberose (Agave amica) is an important ornamental plant renowned for its fragrant flowers. Cultivation of tuberose faces challenges due to various viral diseases impacting yield and quality. The study represents the first time investigation on genetic diversity and taxonomic position of two novel potyviruses, viz., tuberose mild mosaic virus (TuMMV) and tuberose mild mottle virus (TuMMoV), affecting tuberose plants in Iran. Detection was conducted in samples collected from Golestan province greenhouses, utilizing serological examination and the RNA-Seq method. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed to ascertain the taxonomic position and genetic diversity of TuMMV and TuMMoV. Additionally, recombination analysis was carried out to identify potential genetic exchanges among potyviruses infecting tuberose plants. Our findings revealed that TuMMV and TuMMoV constituted a unique group, not belonging to any known phylogenetic groups reported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Intraspecies phylogenetic analysis exposed high genetic diversity between TuMMV and TuMMoV isolates, with recombination events detected in some isolates. These findings have significant implications for tuberose cultivation, breeding programs and the molecular detection and control of viral infections. The results contribute to our understanding of the genetic diversity and taxonomy of potyviruses affecting tuberose, offering valuable insights for improved cultivation practices.