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<p>Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are systems capable of adjusting their optical properties in response to an applied bias. Active layer suffers its index change mainly by redox reaction, which leads to color change via reflectance and optical modulations (ΔT ≈ 50%). This functionality supports their application in various fields, such as smart windows, displays, wearables, solar cells, and sensors. These applications benefit significantly from the dynamic modulation of light, which allows devices to adapt to varying environmental or user-specific conditions. Therefore, reviewing the principles underlying the electrochromism enhances the understanding of state-of-the-art examples by explaining the key characteristics, limitations, and commercialization. Special emphasis is placed on the potential development of ECDs in smart energy management through integration with energy storage systems, creation of low-power consumption displays, multimodal sensings, and flexible or wearable electronics combined with smart fabrics. By providing a comprehensive understanding of advanced applications, this review aims to contribute to one of the cornerstones for future research and industrial advancements. Such insights are expected to accelerate innovation in sustainable and user-responsive optoelectronic technologies.</p>

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Advanced Applications of Electrochromic Devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Jaeha Cho,
  • Taehoon Park,
  • Taewon Park,
  • Jung Hun Lee,
  • Hyojung Kim,
  • Cheon Woo Moon

摘要

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are systems capable of adjusting their optical properties in response to an applied bias. Active layer suffers its index change mainly by redox reaction, which leads to color change via reflectance and optical modulations (ΔT ≈ 50%). This functionality supports their application in various fields, such as smart windows, displays, wearables, solar cells, and sensors. These applications benefit significantly from the dynamic modulation of light, which allows devices to adapt to varying environmental or user-specific conditions. Therefore, reviewing the principles underlying the electrochromism enhances the understanding of state-of-the-art examples by explaining the key characteristics, limitations, and commercialization. Special emphasis is placed on the potential development of ECDs in smart energy management through integration with energy storage systems, creation of low-power consumption displays, multimodal sensings, and flexible or wearable electronics combined with smart fabrics. By providing a comprehensive understanding of advanced applications, this review aims to contribute to one of the cornerstones for future research and industrial advancements. Such insights are expected to accelerate innovation in sustainable and user-responsive optoelectronic technologies.