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<p>This research examines the application of hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings to enhance porcelain insulators, aiming to boost insulation performance, reduce leakage currents, and introduce self-cleaning capabilities. The TiO₂ coatings were created using the sol-gel method and applied via spin coating, with subsequent annealing at 500&#xa0;°C to improve crystallinity and adhesion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of anatase-phase TiO₂, exhibiting prominent peaks at 2θ = 25.3°, 37.8°, 48.1°, 54.1°, and 62.7°. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed O-H stretching at 3247&#xa0;cm⁻¹ and Ti-OH vibration at 1623&#xa0;cm⁻¹, suggesting enhanced surface hydroxylation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) displayed a uniform nanostructured coating with a thickness of 236.8&#xa0;nm. Hydrophobicity tests showed a contact angle of 108°, ensuring effective water repellency and self-cleaning properties. The electrical resistivity of the coated insulators decreased from 1.35 × 10⁶ Ω·cm at 0&#xa0;°C to 1.05 × 10⁶ Ω·cm at 400&#xa0;°C, whilst the dielectric constant reduced from 24.5 to 20.8 over the same temperature range. Leakage current analysis indicated that TiO₂-coated insulators exhibited higher values, reaching 170 µA at 22&#xa0;kV, compared to 80 µA for uncoated samples, highlighting the need for optimised coating distribution. AC flashover voltage tests demonstrated an increase from 65 to 80&#xa0;kV (uncoated) to 75–88&#xa0;kV (coated) in dry conditions, and from 60 to 85&#xa0;kV (uncoated) to 65–95&#xa0;kV (coated) in wet conditions, indicating improved insulation reliability. The results emphasise that selective one-sided TiO₂ coating optimises surface conductivity distribution, mitigating corona discharge, decreasing leakage currents, and enhancing operational efficiency in high-voltage transmission systems. This approach presents a cost-effective and scalable solution for power grid applications.</p>

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Hydrophobic TiO₂ Coatings on Porcelain Insulators for Enhanced Surface Conductivity and Controlled Leakage Current Flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • P. Ramachandramurthy,
  • Venkatesh Yepuri

摘要

This research examines the application of hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO₂) coatings to enhance porcelain insulators, aiming to boost insulation performance, reduce leakage currents, and introduce self-cleaning capabilities. The TiO₂ coatings were created using the sol-gel method and applied via spin coating, with subsequent annealing at 500 °C to improve crystallinity and adhesion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of anatase-phase TiO₂, exhibiting prominent peaks at 2θ = 25.3°, 37.8°, 48.1°, 54.1°, and 62.7°. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed O-H stretching at 3247 cm⁻¹ and Ti-OH vibration at 1623 cm⁻¹, suggesting enhanced surface hydroxylation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) displayed a uniform nanostructured coating with a thickness of 236.8 nm. Hydrophobicity tests showed a contact angle of 108°, ensuring effective water repellency and self-cleaning properties. The electrical resistivity of the coated insulators decreased from 1.35 × 10⁶ Ω·cm at 0 °C to 1.05 × 10⁶ Ω·cm at 400 °C, whilst the dielectric constant reduced from 24.5 to 20.8 over the same temperature range. Leakage current analysis indicated that TiO₂-coated insulators exhibited higher values, reaching 170 µA at 22 kV, compared to 80 µA for uncoated samples, highlighting the need for optimised coating distribution. AC flashover voltage tests demonstrated an increase from 65 to 80 kV (uncoated) to 75–88 kV (coated) in dry conditions, and from 60 to 85 kV (uncoated) to 65–95 kV (coated) in wet conditions, indicating improved insulation reliability. The results emphasise that selective one-sided TiO₂ coating optimises surface conductivity distribution, mitigating corona discharge, decreasing leakage currents, and enhancing operational efficiency in high-voltage transmission systems. This approach presents a cost-effective and scalable solution for power grid applications.