<p>The increased needs to improved, precise and efficient diagnostics and monitoring have led to the significant development in healthcare wireless devices. These devices implicate the careful design of a suitable antenna that delivers outstanding performances and satisfies the healthcare standards simultaneously. Besides that, flexibility, mechanical strength and thermal stability must be guaranteed particularly in deformation conditions. Accounting the aforementioned requirements, the antenna’s materials selection is a crucial step. The present paper focuses on investigating a flexible circular meandered loop antenna using PLA/PHBV(Polylactic Acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)biocompatible blend as a substrate with a dielectric constant of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42341_2025_637_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\epsilon\:}_{r}=2.88\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; and SWCNT as a conductor material. The specific fields of interest include the substrate thickness effect, bending situations and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis. The antenna demonstrates its compactness with a total volume of 0.32<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42341_2025_637_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>x 0.32<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42341_2025_637_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>x 0.001<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42341_2025_637_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at 2.45 GHz resonant frequency. The proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth of more than100 MHz. Our findings highlight a remarkable realized gain and efficiency values that exceeds 5dBi and 86% respectively and a bidirectional radiation pattern with an optimal substrate thickness of 0.2 mm. Moreover, the antenna demonstrates its stability in terms of gain and efficiency in both flat and bending conditions. The 10 g tissue model SAR maximum value is around 0.61 W/Kg at 2.45 GHz meeting the FCC Standards. The obtained results place the antenna recommended candidate for medical and human proximity applications due to its biocompatibility and safety. Consequently, the use of PLA/PHBV blend and SWCNTs offers a captivating solution to modern healthcare requirements.</p>

Eco-Friendly Circular Meandered Loop Antenna Design Based on Novel PLA/PHBV Biocomposite and SWCNT Conductive Material for Medical Applications

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发表日期：

2025年6月3日

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Allel Mokaddem,
Djamila Ziani,
Mohammed Belkheir,
Mehdi Rouissat,
Bendouma Doumi,
Pascal Lorenz

摘要

The increased needs to improved, precise and efficient diagnostics and monitoring have led to the significant development in healthcare wireless devices. These devices implicate the careful design of a suitable antenna that delivers outstanding performances and satisfies the healthcare standards simultaneously. Besides that, flexibility, mechanical strength and thermal stability must be guaranteed particularly in deformation conditions. Accounting the aforementioned requirements, the antenna’s materials selection is a crucial step. The present paper focuses on investigating a flexible circular meandered loop antenna using PLA/PHBV(Polylactic Acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)biocompatible blend as a substrate with a dielectric constant of \(\:{\epsilon\:}_{r}=2.88\) ; and SWCNT as a conductor material. The specific fields of interest include the substrate thickness effect, bending situations and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis. The antenna demonstrates its compactness with a total volume of 0.32 \(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\) x 0.32 \(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\) x 0.001 \(\:{\lambda\:}_{r}\) at 2.45 GHz resonant frequency. The proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth of more than100 MHz. Our findings highlight a remarkable realized gain and efficiency values that exceeds 5dBi and 86% respectively and a bidirectional radiation pattern with an optimal substrate thickness of 0.2 mm. Moreover, the antenna demonstrates its stability in terms of gain and efficiency in both flat and bending conditions. The 10 g tissue model SAR maximum value is around 0.61 W/Kg at 2.45 GHz meeting the FCC Standards. The obtained results place the antenna recommended candidate for medical and human proximity applications due to its biocompatibility and safety. Consequently, the use of PLA/PHBV blend and SWCNTs offers a captivating solution to modern healthcare requirements.