Harmless Sustainable Energy Resource using TEG with MPPT Based DC-DC Converter for Power Gain in Implantable Medical Devices

Implantable cardiac pacemaker was used to maintain the rhythmic action of heart with precise and continuous monitoring in modern healthcare technology. Battery was mostly used for pacemaker power sources. However, the implantable pacemaker reaches a very low power level, and may be forced to surgically transfer a new battery after ending its life cycle, thus cause medical difficulties and incur costs. To overcome this issues, a battery-less cardiac pacemaker was developed to provide a constant cardiac rhythm and avoid surgical issues. Here, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that generates power based on human body temperature was used instead of battery. Yet the TEG generated power is not sufficient for all condition which cause fluctuation in pacemaker. So the TEG was connected to a DC-DC converter and pacemaker to act boost, buck-boost and buck. To track the TEG power, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was linked which produce an appropriate pulse signal for the converter to make a stable operation. The proposed model was designed and the performance were validated in Cadence Capture Orcad tool. Further the performance of designed model was validated under various conditions like common pacemaker, only TEG, TEG with pacemaker, TEG with MPPT in boost pacemaker, TEG with MPPT in buck pacemaker and TEG with MPPT in buck-boost pacemaker. The proposed DC-DC converter based pacemaker provide a stable power of 2 W under any human body temperature conditions. Furthermore the proposed model prototype was designed to analyse its performance and compared to simulation output for validation. In both simulation and prototype analysis, the proposed design provide a similar output voltage of 1.7 V at any temperature. So the proposed pacemaker model was more suitable for all atmospheric condition and the usage of MPPT generate a suitable pulse for converter to make a stable operation.