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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and biological activities of methanol extracts of <i>Ficus carica</i> L. (Bursa Kara/Siyah Fig) fruit peel and pulp using a holistic approach. The extracts were characterized by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS); 15 compounds were identified in the peel and 10 in the pulp. Isosorbide dinitrate and pyranone were determined as the major components in both extracts, respectively. Total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu) and DPPH radical scavenging analyses revealed that both extracts exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity; the peel extract had a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using the % inhibition values, and the extracts were found to be effective against most bacterial strains in the range of 2–4&#xa0;mg/mL. The peel extract generally exhibited higher inhibition rates, with the highest susceptibility observed against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. In <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strains, a low or resistant response was observed. In the evaluation of cellular activity, HDF cell viability was analyzed using the WST-8 method, and it was determined that cell proliferation was statistically significantly increased in both extracts in the concentration range of 15.625–125&#xa0;µg/mL. Wound healing potential was evaluated using a scratch model with two doses (15.625 and 125&#xa0;µg/mL); microscopic images taken at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18&#xa0;h were analyzed with the Image J program. In line with the results obtained, the low dose accelerated wound healing by increasing cell migration. As a result of the findings, it is shown that Bursa Black fig peel, in particular, can be a promising natural bioresource for sustainable and plant-based biomedical applications.</p>

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Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Fibroblast Migration Effects of Bursa Black Fig Peel and Pulp Methanol Extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Handan Uguz Bayrakceken,
  • Ayse Nurseli Sulumer,
  • Bahri Avci,
  • Muhammet Enes Kiziler,
  • Rahime Altintas,
  • Esra Palabiyik,
  • Ufuk Atmaca,
  • Bilal Yilmaz,
  • Murat Celi̇k,
  • Hakan Askin

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and biological activities of methanol extracts of Ficus carica L. (Bursa Kara/Siyah Fig) fruit peel and pulp using a holistic approach. The extracts were characterized by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS); 15 compounds were identified in the peel and 10 in the pulp. Isosorbide dinitrate and pyranone were determined as the major components in both extracts, respectively. Total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu) and DPPH radical scavenging analyses revealed that both extracts exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity; the peel extract had a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated using the % inhibition values, and the extracts were found to be effective against most bacterial strains in the range of 2–4 mg/mL. The peel extract generally exhibited higher inhibition rates, with the highest susceptibility observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis strains, a low or resistant response was observed. In the evaluation of cellular activity, HDF cell viability was analyzed using the WST-8 method, and it was determined that cell proliferation was statistically significantly increased in both extracts in the concentration range of 15.625–125 µg/mL. Wound healing potential was evaluated using a scratch model with two doses (15.625 and 125 µg/mL); microscopic images taken at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 h were analyzed with the Image J program. In line with the results obtained, the low dose accelerated wound healing by increasing cell migration. As a result of the findings, it is shown that Bursa Black fig peel, in particular, can be a promising natural bioresource for sustainable and plant-based biomedical applications.