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Purpose <p>Ulcerative colitis is characterised by mucosal inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic leaf extract of <i>Cassia auriculata</i> (CAE) on acetic acid–induced colitis in rats.</p> Methods <p>Animals were allocated to normal control, colitis control, CAE 200&#xa0;mg/kg, CAE 400&#xa0;mg/kg, and sulfasalazine 100&#xa0;mg/kg groups. Clinical, biochemical, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological parameters were assessed. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the potential volatile phytocompounds in CAE.</p> Results <p>Colitis induction reduced feed intake and increased clinical score, colon weight-to-length ratio, and macroscopic damage. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increased by 132.0% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated by 173.2% and 397.3%, respectively, while reduced glutathione decreased by 74.0% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels increased by 57.1% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were increased by 100.5% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). CAE at 400&#xa0;mg/kg reduced LDH by 36.3% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), MPO by 38.7%, MDA by 55.0%, TNF-α by 35.0% and IL-6 by 40.4%, while glutathione levels increased by 218.5% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared with colitis control. Histology showed reduced epithelial disruption and inflammatory infiltration. Sulfasalazine showed comparable trends. Different classes of important volatile secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids and fatty acids, were identified in CAE.</p> Conclusion <p>CAE influenced inflammatory, oxidative, and tissue injury parameters in experimental colitis. Further studies are needed to identify the active constituents and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>

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Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Cassia auriculata Modulates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury in Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Samriti Faujdar,
  • Prabha Hullatti,
  • A. P. Basavarajappa,
  • Thippeswamy Boreddy Shivanandappa,
  • Nabarun Mukhopadhyay

摘要

Purpose

Ulcerative colitis is characterised by mucosal inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Cassia auriculata (CAE) on acetic acid–induced colitis in rats.

Methods

Animals were allocated to normal control, colitis control, CAE 200 mg/kg, CAE 400 mg/kg, and sulfasalazine 100 mg/kg groups. Clinical, biochemical, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological parameters were assessed. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the potential volatile phytocompounds in CAE.

Results

Colitis induction reduced feed intake and increased clinical score, colon weight-to-length ratio, and macroscopic damage. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increased by 132.0% (p < 0.001). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated by 173.2% and 397.3%, respectively, while reduced glutathione decreased by 74.0% (p < 0.001). Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels increased by 57.1% (p < 0.001), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were increased by 100.5% (p < 0.001). CAE at 400 mg/kg reduced LDH by 36.3% (p < 0.05), MPO by 38.7%, MDA by 55.0%, TNF-α by 35.0% and IL-6 by 40.4%, while glutathione levels increased by 218.5% (p < 0.001) compared with colitis control. Histology showed reduced epithelial disruption and inflammatory infiltration. Sulfasalazine showed comparable trends. Different classes of important volatile secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids and fatty acids, were identified in CAE.

Conclusion

CAE influenced inflammatory, oxidative, and tissue injury parameters in experimental colitis. Further studies are needed to identify the active constituents and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.