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<p>The efficiency of the bifunctional electrocatalyst determines the activity of rechargeable zinc-air batteries (rZABs). Herein, a manganese oxide/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO₂/N–rGO) was synthesised <i>via</i> a hydrothermal method using <i>Acacia ataxacantha</i> extract as a multifunctional biogenic precursor for graphene oxide reduction, nitrogen incorporation, and morphology modulation. The influence of extract loading level on structural evolution and electrocatalytic performance was systematically investigated. Structural analysis indicates improved dispersion of MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and partial reduction of graphene oxide, while compositional results suggest nitrogen incorporation into the carbon framework. Electrochemical measurements show that the optimised MnO<sub>2</sub>-rGO-P.E<sub>20</sub> catalyst exhibits enhanced bifunctional activity among the prepared samples, with an ORR onset potential of ~ 0.68&#xa0;V (vs. RHE). Koutecky–Levich analysis indicates a quasi-four-electron pathway (n ⁓ 3.6). The improved activity is attributed to synergistic interactions between MnO<sub>2</sub> active sites and the conductive N-rGO matrix. When applied in an rZAB device, the catalyst delivers a discharge capacity of 1.5 mAh cm<sup>− 2</sup> and an estimated power density of 4.5 mW cm<sup>− 2</sup>. These results demonstrate the potential of biogenically derived MnO₂/N–rGO composites as low-cost and sustainable alternatives for energy storage applications.</p>

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Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Performance of Manganese Oxide/Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Magaji Ladan,
  • Habu Abba,
  • Ahmad Muhammad Yamani,
  • Haruna Musa,
  • Ibrahim Tajo Siraj,
  • Abdul-Rahman A. Abdul,
  • Nura Muhammad Kwalam,
  • Abdulfatah Shehu Muhammad,
  • Shehu Habibu,
  • Ayuba Abdullahi Muhammad,
  • Nasar Mansir,
  • Md. Shalauddin,
  • Wan Jeffrey Basirun,
  • Mustapha Balarabe Idris

摘要

The efficiency of the bifunctional electrocatalyst determines the activity of rechargeable zinc-air batteries (rZABs). Herein, a manganese oxide/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO₂/N–rGO) was synthesised via a hydrothermal method using Acacia ataxacantha extract as a multifunctional biogenic precursor for graphene oxide reduction, nitrogen incorporation, and morphology modulation. The influence of extract loading level on structural evolution and electrocatalytic performance was systematically investigated. Structural analysis indicates improved dispersion of MnO2 nanoparticles and partial reduction of graphene oxide, while compositional results suggest nitrogen incorporation into the carbon framework. Electrochemical measurements show that the optimised MnO2-rGO-P.E20 catalyst exhibits enhanced bifunctional activity among the prepared samples, with an ORR onset potential of ~ 0.68 V (vs. RHE). Koutecky–Levich analysis indicates a quasi-four-electron pathway (n ⁓ 3.6). The improved activity is attributed to synergistic interactions between MnO2 active sites and the conductive N-rGO matrix. When applied in an rZAB device, the catalyst delivers a discharge capacity of 1.5 mAh cm− 2 and an estimated power density of 4.5 mW cm− 2. These results demonstrate the potential of biogenically derived MnO₂/N–rGO composites as low-cost and sustainable alternatives for energy storage applications.