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<p>Corrosion of mild steel in acidic environments remains a critical challenge in industrial applications, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable inhibitors. In this study, two newly synthesized cyanoacrylate derivatives, ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (Z2) and methyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (Z3), were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0&#xa0;M HCl solution. Their performance was systematically investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), gravimetric analysis, and surface characterization (SEM/EDS), complemented by quantum chemical calculations (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations. The electrochemical results revealed that both inhibitors significantly reduced the corrosion rate, with inhibition efficiencies reaching 87.9% for Z2 and 91.6% for Z3 at 10⁻³ M concentration. EIS analysis confirmed a substantial increase in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and a concomitant decrease in the double-layer capacitance (Cdl), consistent with the formation of protective films on the steel surface. Thermodynamic activation parameters indicated that the inhibitors increased the energy barrier for corrosion, while adsorption studies demonstrated that both compounds obeyed the Langmuir isotherm, with negative Gibbs free energy values confirming spontaneous adsorption. Theoretical calculations supported these findings, showing strong electron-donating and adsorption capabilities, particularly for Z3. Overall, the combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that Z2 and Z3 act as efficient mixed-type inhibitors, forming compact and stable protective layers on the steel surface. The superior performance of Z3 is attributed to its enhanced adsorption strength and electronic properties, making it a promising candidate for corrosion protection in aggressive acidic environments.</p>

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Evaluation of Cyanoacrylate Derivatives as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Environments: Experimental and Theoretical Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Imane Frihat,
  • Zaidi Abderazzak,
  • Marouane EL-Alouani,
  • Issam Saber,
  • Mohamed Khattabi,
  • Driss El Mekkaoui,
  • Galai Mouhsine,
  • Said Boukhris,
  • Cherkaoui Mohammed,
  • Amr Elgendy,
  • Khadija Dahmani

摘要

Corrosion of mild steel in acidic environments remains a critical challenge in industrial applications, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable inhibitors. In this study, two newly synthesized cyanoacrylate derivatives, ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (Z2) and methyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (Z3), were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. Their performance was systematically investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), gravimetric analysis, and surface characterization (SEM/EDS), complemented by quantum chemical calculations (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations. The electrochemical results revealed that both inhibitors significantly reduced the corrosion rate, with inhibition efficiencies reaching 87.9% for Z2 and 91.6% for Z3 at 10⁻³ M concentration. EIS analysis confirmed a substantial increase in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and a concomitant decrease in the double-layer capacitance (Cdl), consistent with the formation of protective films on the steel surface. Thermodynamic activation parameters indicated that the inhibitors increased the energy barrier for corrosion, while adsorption studies demonstrated that both compounds obeyed the Langmuir isotherm, with negative Gibbs free energy values confirming spontaneous adsorption. Theoretical calculations supported these findings, showing strong electron-donating and adsorption capabilities, particularly for Z3. Overall, the combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that Z2 and Z3 act as efficient mixed-type inhibitors, forming compact and stable protective layers on the steel surface. The superior performance of Z3 is attributed to its enhanced adsorption strength and electronic properties, making it a promising candidate for corrosion protection in aggressive acidic environments.