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<p>An emerging sorbent citric acid-activated <i>Lablab purpureus</i> husk (CA-LLPh) was developed and tested as an affordable adsorbent for removing three anionic dyes namely, Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Eosin Yellow (EY) and Methyl Red (MR) from waste water using fixed bed column adsorption method. The adsorbent was characterised with Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for spectral data and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which showed that adsorptive surface morphology. Experimental optimized factors such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and flow rate were optimized. The maximum dye removal occurred at 50&#xa0;μg/mL for EBT and EY (98.2–98.8%) and at 100&#xa0;μg/mL for MR (96.5%) with a fixed flow rate of 1&#xa0;mL/min using 1&#xa0;g of CA-LLPh as adsorbent. The EBT was found trapped at dual pH ranges namely, 1–2 and 8–11. Whereas the maximum amount of EY and MR were found removed at pH 6–9 and 3–10, respectively. Isotherm modelling studies for EBT and EY adsorption followed the Langmuir model (R<sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.99 with low R<sub>L</sub> values). In contrast MR adsorption was better described by the Freundlich model, suggesting irregular surface binding. Kinetic investigation indicated that the pseudo-second-order model most accurately described the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies presented that the process was spontaneous (negative ΔG°), endothermic (+ ve ΔH°), and related to increased randomness at the solid solution interface as indicated by resulted + ve ΔS°. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) examination of effluent post-adsorption showed a significant reduction, with values of 2.11, 2.74, and 6.57&#xa0;μg/L for EBT, EY, and MR, respectively, authorizing effective pollutant removal. Therefore, CA-LLPh is a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for removing EBT, EY and MR from wastewater.</p>

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Greener Fixed Bed Column Approach for Removal of Anionic Dyes of Industrial use from Aqueous Solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Sumathi Harohally Paramesh,
  • Hemalatha Nanjangud Prabhu Swamy,
  • Shilpashree Kurikoppalu Jogigowda,
  • Neha Kusuma Muralidhara,
  • Nagaraju Rajendraprasad

摘要

An emerging sorbent citric acid-activated Lablab purpureus husk (CA-LLPh) was developed and tested as an affordable adsorbent for removing three anionic dyes namely, Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Eosin Yellow (EY) and Methyl Red (MR) from waste water using fixed bed column adsorption method. The adsorbent was characterised with Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for spectral data and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) which showed that adsorptive surface morphology. Experimental optimized factors such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and flow rate were optimized. The maximum dye removal occurred at 50 μg/mL for EBT and EY (98.2–98.8%) and at 100 μg/mL for MR (96.5%) with a fixed flow rate of 1 mL/min using 1 g of CA-LLPh as adsorbent. The EBT was found trapped at dual pH ranges namely, 1–2 and 8–11. Whereas the maximum amount of EY and MR were found removed at pH 6–9 and 3–10, respectively. Isotherm modelling studies for EBT and EY adsorption followed the Langmuir model (R2 ≈ 0.99 with low RL values). In contrast MR adsorption was better described by the Freundlich model, suggesting irregular surface binding. Kinetic investigation indicated that the pseudo-second-order model most accurately described the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies presented that the process was spontaneous (negative ΔG°), endothermic (+ ve ΔH°), and related to increased randomness at the solid solution interface as indicated by resulted + ve ΔS°. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) examination of effluent post-adsorption showed a significant reduction, with values of 2.11, 2.74, and 6.57 μg/L for EBT, EY, and MR, respectively, authorizing effective pollutant removal. Therefore, CA-LLPh is a sustainable and efficient adsorbent for removing EBT, EY and MR from wastewater.