Synthesis and Characterization of Mn-Substituted ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Probing the Influence of Mn Content on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties
摘要
Mn-substituted ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized using XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, XPS, SEM, DLS, CV, IMS, and VSM techniques. Structural analysis confirmed the spinel phase with decreasing crystallite size and increasing lattice strain upon Mn incorporation. HR-TEM imaging provided direct evidence of the crystalline nature and lattice fringes, confirming high crystallinity and consistent interplanar spacings. XPS analysis verified the chemical composition and the mixed valence states of the cations Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+, elucidating the electronic environment within the spinel lattice. DLS revealed hydrodynamic diameters in the 78–98 nm range, while impedance spectroscopy indicated reduced bulk resistance with Mn substitution. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated composition-dependent charge storage behavior, and VSM measurements revealed ferrimagnetism-like behavior with a systematic decrease in saturation magnetization. These results demonstrate that Mn substitution provides a tunable route to tailor both electrical and magnetic properties, highlighting the potential of MnxZnx−1Fe2O4 for energy storage and spintronics.