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<p>This study investigates pectins extracted from the stems of <i>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</i> (<i>M. crystallinum</i>), with particular emphasis on rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) as a structural regulator of nanoparticle formation. Two distinct fractions were obtained: CWS (cold-water soluble, HG-rich fraction) and HChS (hot chelator-soluble, RG-I-rich fraction). RG-I and its substructures (RG-I-Gal, RG-I-Ara, RG-I-Gal-Ara) were isolated and structurally characterized using infrared spectroscopy, chromatographic fractionation, and size-exclusion chromatography, revealing detailed methylation patterns, acetylation levels, and covalent linkages with homogalacturonan domains. The extracts were subsequently employed for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), where polysaccharide architecture acted as a programmable parameter governing reduction kinetics and growth control. CWS-AgNPs were smaller and more uniform (31.8 ± 19.8 nm) with compact morphology, whereas HChS-AgNPs were larger and more heterogeneous (38.0 ± 17.6 nm) with a more porous structure. CWS-AgNPs enabled more sensitive Hg<sup>2</sup>⁺ detection (LOD 6.75 ppm, LOQ 22.5 ppm) with high reproducibility, while HChS-AgNPs exhibited lower sensitivity (LOD 67.2 ppm, LOQ 224.1 ppm). These results demonstrate that nanoparticle physicochemical properties are governed by the balance between nucleation kinetics and electrostatic stabilization dictated by pectin structure, directly influencing plasmonic response and sensing performance. Overall, this work establishes <i>M. crystallinum</i> as a sustainable and structurally tunable biopolymers source for controlled green nanoparticle synthesis, offering a practical strategy for heavy metal monitoring and environmentally responsible nanotechnology.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From HG- and RG-I-Enriched Pectins of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum for Ecological Mercury Detection in Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Nour Houda M’sakni,
  • Taghreed Alsufyani

摘要

This study investigates pectins extracted from the stems of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (M. crystallinum), with particular emphasis on rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) as a structural regulator of nanoparticle formation. Two distinct fractions were obtained: CWS (cold-water soluble, HG-rich fraction) and HChS (hot chelator-soluble, RG-I-rich fraction). RG-I and its substructures (RG-I-Gal, RG-I-Ara, RG-I-Gal-Ara) were isolated and structurally characterized using infrared spectroscopy, chromatographic fractionation, and size-exclusion chromatography, revealing detailed methylation patterns, acetylation levels, and covalent linkages with homogalacturonan domains. The extracts were subsequently employed for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), where polysaccharide architecture acted as a programmable parameter governing reduction kinetics and growth control. CWS-AgNPs were smaller and more uniform (31.8 ± 19.8 nm) with compact morphology, whereas HChS-AgNPs were larger and more heterogeneous (38.0 ± 17.6 nm) with a more porous structure. CWS-AgNPs enabled more sensitive Hg2⁺ detection (LOD 6.75 ppm, LOQ 22.5 ppm) with high reproducibility, while HChS-AgNPs exhibited lower sensitivity (LOD 67.2 ppm, LOQ 224.1 ppm). These results demonstrate that nanoparticle physicochemical properties are governed by the balance between nucleation kinetics and electrostatic stabilization dictated by pectin structure, directly influencing plasmonic response and sensing performance. Overall, this work establishes M. crystallinum as a sustainable and structurally tunable biopolymers source for controlled green nanoparticle synthesis, offering a practical strategy for heavy metal monitoring and environmentally responsible nanotechnology.

Graphical Abstract