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<p>Designing recyclable, water-processed films with tunable optical response is essential for eco-designed energy and photonic components. Here we report methyl-cellulose (MC) nanocomposites filled with green-synthesized nickel (II) oxide nanocrystals calcined at 500&#xa0;°C (NiO-500). Homogeneous MC stocks, were used to cast self-supported films containing 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt% NiO (MCN0–MCN6) via doping solution. Structure–property relationships were established by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM/EDS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy with extraction of the extinction and refractive indices <i>k(λ)</i> and <i>n(λ)</i>, band-gap estimates (Tauc/ASF), Urbach energy <i>Eu</i>, and Wemple–DiDomenico (W–D) dispersion parameters. Powder checks verified rock-salt NiO after calcination (e.g., (111)/(200)/(220) reflections), while films retained the broad MC halo near with composition-dependent broadening and without resolved NiO peaks at these loadings—evidence of nanometric dispersion, also FTIR showed redistribution and slight red-shifts in the O–H/C–O–C envelopes and the emergence of Ni–O modes (∼560–400&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>), consistent with interfacial coordination/hydrogen bonding between hydroxylated NiO surfaces and MC chains. EDS confirmed NiO-500 stoichiometry at the powder level and detected Ni in doped films (MCN4), validating successful incorporation despite near-surface under-sampling typical for polymer matrices. Optically, increasing NiO content strengthened <i>n(λ)</i> dispersion, elevated <i>k(λ)</i> across the visible, and produced a bathochromic edge shift, Tauc/ASF indicated band-gap narrowing with filler content, while rising ​ signaled enhanced disorder from polymer–oxide coupling, also W–D fits yielded higher dispersion energy, linking microstructural softening to increased polarizability and a more responsive dielectric function (<i>Er</i>, <i>Ei</i>). Collectively, NiO-500 provides a precise<b>,</b> composition-controlled lever to engineer dielectric response and band-edge position in recyclable MC films, recommending these nanocomposites for UV/Vis-attenuating coatings, optical sensing layers, and sustainable separator membranes.</p>

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Eco-Designed Polymer–Oxide Nanocomposites: NiO-500 as a Tunable Dielectric Filler for Methyl-Cellulose with Controllable Refractive-Index Dispersion and Band-Gap Narrowing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Dara M. Aziz,
  • Dyari M. Mamand,
  • Sangar A. Hassan,
  • Shujahadeen B. Aziz,
  • Jwankar Abdulla Shekh Khdir,
  • Dilshad Karim Hama

摘要

Designing recyclable, water-processed films with tunable optical response is essential for eco-designed energy and photonic components. Here we report methyl-cellulose (MC) nanocomposites filled with green-synthesized nickel (II) oxide nanocrystals calcined at 500 °C (NiO-500). Homogeneous MC stocks, were used to cast self-supported films containing 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt% NiO (MCN0–MCN6) via doping solution. Structure–property relationships were established by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM/EDS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy with extraction of the extinction and refractive indices k(λ) and n(λ), band-gap estimates (Tauc/ASF), Urbach energy Eu, and Wemple–DiDomenico (W–D) dispersion parameters. Powder checks verified rock-salt NiO after calcination (e.g., (111)/(200)/(220) reflections), while films retained the broad MC halo near with composition-dependent broadening and without resolved NiO peaks at these loadings—evidence of nanometric dispersion, also FTIR showed redistribution and slight red-shifts in the O–H/C–O–C envelopes and the emergence of Ni–O modes (∼560–400 cm⁻1), consistent with interfacial coordination/hydrogen bonding between hydroxylated NiO surfaces and MC chains. EDS confirmed NiO-500 stoichiometry at the powder level and detected Ni in doped films (MCN4), validating successful incorporation despite near-surface under-sampling typical for polymer matrices. Optically, increasing NiO content strengthened n(λ) dispersion, elevated k(λ) across the visible, and produced a bathochromic edge shift, Tauc/ASF indicated band-gap narrowing with filler content, while rising ​ signaled enhanced disorder from polymer–oxide coupling, also W–D fits yielded higher dispersion energy, linking microstructural softening to increased polarizability and a more responsive dielectric function (Er, Ei). Collectively, NiO-500 provides a precise, composition-controlled lever to engineer dielectric response and band-edge position in recyclable MC films, recommending these nanocomposites for UV/Vis-attenuating coatings, optical sensing layers, and sustainable separator membranes.