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<p>The synthetic dyes present in the aquatic environment pose a substantial risk to both environmental and public health. This work focuses on the synthesis of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle–based amylopectin hydrogel (Am@NE) nanocomposite by the sol–gel method and its utilization as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water. Among the three synthesized hydrogel grades, the best grade (Am@NE-2) was selected for further studies. The synthesized Am@NE-2/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites exhibited a high surface area, enhanced porosity, and abundant functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize key parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial pollutant concentration, contact time, and temperature. Under optimized conditions, the maximum removal efficiencies of Am@NE-2/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites were 95.65 ± 4.78% for methylene blue and 93.16 ± 4.97% for malachite green. Isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption, with adsorption capacities of 265.22&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ for methylene blue and 262.05&#xa0;mg/g for malachite green. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism, with rate constants of 1.44 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> g/(mg.min) for methylene blue and 1.30 × 10<sup>− 3</sup> g/(mg.min) for malachite green. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 93.84% for methylene blue and 93.09% for malachite green were achieved under sunlight irradiation using Am@NE-2/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites, with corresponding rate constants of 2.27 × 10<sup>− 2</sup> s⁻¹ and 2.9 × 10<sup>− 2</sup> s⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the Am@NE-2/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites demonstrated excellent regeneration performance over multiple cycles, retaining removal efficiencies of 89.84% for methylene blue and 87.67% for malachite green after five cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of Am@NE-2/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites as cost-effective and sustainable materials for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.</p>

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Synthesis of Co3O4-Amylopectin Hydrogel Nanocomposite for Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Mansi Verma,
  • Poorn Prakash Pande,
  • Aradhana Chaudhary,
  • Nandita Kushwaha,
  • Neha Chaurasiya,
  • Kopal Kashaudhan,
  • Mansi Srivastava,
  • Riya Sharma

摘要

The synthetic dyes present in the aquatic environment pose a substantial risk to both environmental and public health. This work focuses on the synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticle–based amylopectin hydrogel (Am@NE) nanocomposite by the sol–gel method and its utilization as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water. Among the three synthesized hydrogel grades, the best grade (Am@NE-2) was selected for further studies. The synthesized Am@NE-2/Co3O4 nanocomposites exhibited a high surface area, enhanced porosity, and abundant functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize key parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial pollutant concentration, contact time, and temperature. Under optimized conditions, the maximum removal efficiencies of Am@NE-2/Co3O4 nanocomposites were 95.65 ± 4.78% for methylene blue and 93.16 ± 4.97% for malachite green. Isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption, with adsorption capacities of 265.22 mg g⁻¹ for methylene blue and 262.05 mg/g for malachite green. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism, with rate constants of 1.44 × 10− 3 g/(mg.min) for methylene blue and 1.30 × 10− 3 g/(mg.min) for malachite green. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 93.84% for methylene blue and 93.09% for malachite green were achieved under sunlight irradiation using Am@NE-2/Co3O4 nanocomposites, with corresponding rate constants of 2.27 × 10− 2 s⁻¹ and 2.9 × 10− 2 s⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the Am@NE-2/Co3O4 nanocomposites demonstrated excellent regeneration performance over multiple cycles, retaining removal efficiencies of 89.84% for methylene blue and 87.67% for malachite green after five cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of Am@NE-2/Co3O4 nanocomposites as cost-effective and sustainable materials for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.