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<p>Heavy metal contamination in food sources is a major public health concern worldwide. This study assessed the levels of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in pig tissues (muscle, liver, bone, and lard) from selected districts in Ghana’s Upper West Region, where pig farming and pork consumption are high. Metal analysis was conducted using a Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). The mean concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the tissues ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 9.9967 ± 0.5000&#xa0;mg/kg, BDL to 7.4597 ± 0.4419&#xa0;mg/kg, BDL to 83.8323 ± 0.8643&#xa0;mg/kg, and BDL to 128.8333 ± 0.7638&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively, while Cd was below detection in all samples. Notably, 65% of Pb, 35% of Ni, 25% of Cu, and 70% of Zn concentrations exceeded the recommended safety thresholds. Significant correlations were observed between metal concentrations in different tissues. Cancer risk values for Ni in tissue samples from Wa slightly exceeded safe limits, while liver and muscle samples from Nadowli indicated potential carcinogenic risks with continued consumption. The liver exhibited the highest metal accumulation among the tissues analyzed, whereas the lard had the lowest. These findings highlight the need for stricter monitoring of heavy metal contamination in livestock and regulatory interventions to safeguard public health.</p>

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Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Muscle, Liver, Bone, and Lard from Pork Samples Obtained in Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Leticia Dassah Guba,
  • Nathaniel Owusu Boadi,
  • Selina Ama Saah,
  • Eric Agorku Selorm,
  • Mercy Badu,
  • Harry Okyere,
  • Nii Korley Kortei

摘要

Heavy metal contamination in food sources is a major public health concern worldwide. This study assessed the levels of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in pig tissues (muscle, liver, bone, and lard) from selected districts in Ghana’s Upper West Region, where pig farming and pork consumption are high. Metal analysis was conducted using a Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). The mean concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the tissues ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 9.9967 ± 0.5000 mg/kg, BDL to 7.4597 ± 0.4419 mg/kg, BDL to 83.8323 ± 0.8643 mg/kg, and BDL to 128.8333 ± 0.7638 mg/kg, respectively, while Cd was below detection in all samples. Notably, 65% of Pb, 35% of Ni, 25% of Cu, and 70% of Zn concentrations exceeded the recommended safety thresholds. Significant correlations were observed between metal concentrations in different tissues. Cancer risk values for Ni in tissue samples from Wa slightly exceeded safe limits, while liver and muscle samples from Nadowli indicated potential carcinogenic risks with continued consumption. The liver exhibited the highest metal accumulation among the tissues analyzed, whereas the lard had the lowest. These findings highlight the need for stricter monitoring of heavy metal contamination in livestock and regulatory interventions to safeguard public health.