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<p>The activation route employed in the synthesis of adsorbents from a precursor biomass plays a crucial role in its adsorption capacity and hence, its viability. This research studies the kinetic and equilibrium modelling of cadmium adsorption onto activated carbons (ACs) derived from pig fur biowaste, synthesised via in-situ and ex-situ routes. Different characterisation tests, including surface chemistry, specific surface area (SSA), and structural analysis of the samples, were also studied. The adsorption performances of the two ACs were evaluated under varying adsorbent doses (0.1–0.5&#xa0;g), contact times (30–240&#xa0;min), initial concentrations (10–100&#xa0;mg/L), and temperatures (25–45&#xa0;°C). The in-situ and ex-situ ACs exhibited SSA values of 615 and 645&#xa0;m²/g, respectively. Although the adsorption data showed the ex-situ AC outperformed the in-situ AC, statistical analysis revealed there is no significant difference between their performance. Kinetic data obtained for the two ACs revealed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with correlation coefficient values of 0.9965 and 0.9906 for in-situ and ex-situ ACs, respectively, suggesting chemisorption. The equilibrium data revealed that cadmium adsorption onto the two ACs is highly correlated with the Langmuir and Sips models, with the ex-situ AC having a slightly higher adsorption capacity of 59.38&#xa0;mg/g, while in-situ has 50.16&#xa0;mg/g. The Langmuir model exhibited an excellent fit, with high correlation coefficient values of 0.9965 and 0.9906 for in-situ and ex-situ AC, respectively, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface.</p>

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Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetic Modeling and Optimization of Aqueous Cadmium Adsorption Unto Protein Waste-derived Adsorbent Synthesized Via In-situ and Ex-situ Activations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • J. E. Sinebe,
  • J. L. Chukwuneke,
  • H. O. Orugba,
  • L. C. Enyi,
  • H. C. Olisakwe,
  • C. Unegbu,
  • J. C. Okeke,
  • S. C. Anyaora

摘要

The activation route employed in the synthesis of adsorbents from a precursor biomass plays a crucial role in its adsorption capacity and hence, its viability. This research studies the kinetic and equilibrium modelling of cadmium adsorption onto activated carbons (ACs) derived from pig fur biowaste, synthesised via in-situ and ex-situ routes. Different characterisation tests, including surface chemistry, specific surface area (SSA), and structural analysis of the samples, were also studied. The adsorption performances of the two ACs were evaluated under varying adsorbent doses (0.1–0.5 g), contact times (30–240 min), initial concentrations (10–100 mg/L), and temperatures (25–45 °C). The in-situ and ex-situ ACs exhibited SSA values of 615 and 645 m²/g, respectively. Although the adsorption data showed the ex-situ AC outperformed the in-situ AC, statistical analysis revealed there is no significant difference between their performance. Kinetic data obtained for the two ACs revealed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with correlation coefficient values of 0.9965 and 0.9906 for in-situ and ex-situ ACs, respectively, suggesting chemisorption. The equilibrium data revealed that cadmium adsorption onto the two ACs is highly correlated with the Langmuir and Sips models, with the ex-situ AC having a slightly higher adsorption capacity of 59.38 mg/g, while in-situ has 50.16 mg/g. The Langmuir model exhibited an excellent fit, with high correlation coefficient values of 0.9965 and 0.9906 for in-situ and ex-situ AC, respectively, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface.