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<p><i>Vepris bilocularis</i> (Wight &amp; Arn.) Engl. (= <i>Toddalia bilocularis</i> Wight &amp; Arn.) is an Indian endemic tree belongs to the family Rutaceae, growing in the southern Western Ghats. It is the only species in the genus <i>Vepris</i> Comm. ex A Juss. with an extended distribution in India; all other species are restricted to African continent and south-western Arabian Peninsula. Essential oil composition of fresh leaves and stem of <i>V. bilocularis</i> were characterized for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Germacrene D (39.94% and 15.93%) was identified as the major chemical constituent in the essential oils of leaves and stem. Other notable compounds in the leaf essential oil include bicyclogermacrene, shyobunol, and (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene, while shyobunol, <i>epi</i>-α-cadinol + <i>epi</i>-α-muurolol, <i>α</i>-cadinol, and (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene were observed in the stem essential oil. Identification of Germacrene D was also confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Compounds such as α-copaene, β-bourbonene, aromadendrene, γ-gurjunene, isodaucene, cubebol, spathulenol, β-atlantol, junenol, 1,10-di-<i>epi</i>-cubenol, <i>epi</i>-α-cadinol, <i>epi</i>-α-muurolol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol, eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol, shyobunol and (2<i>Z</i>,6<i>E</i>)-farnesol were present only in <i>V. bilocularis</i> among all the <i>Vepris</i> species. Although the Indian species of <i>Vepris</i> consists germacrene D as a major compound, only traceable amount has been reported in other species of <i>Vepris</i>. Comparative analysis of the essential oil composition in <i>Vepris</i> and <i>Toddalia</i> genus and also the dendrogram shows that <i>Vepris</i> is a sister genus of <i>Toddalia.</i> This study describes the chemistry of <i>V. bilocularis</i> essential oil and their differentiation within the genus.</p>

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First Report on the Chemical Composition of Germacrene D Rich Essential Oils of Vepris Bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Engl

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Mohanprabu D.,
  • K. Devanathan,
  • Balakishan Bhukya,
  • Sundaresan V.,
  • Pragadheesh V. S.

摘要

Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Engl. (= Toddalia bilocularis Wight & Arn.) is an Indian endemic tree belongs to the family Rutaceae, growing in the southern Western Ghats. It is the only species in the genus Vepris Comm. ex A Juss. with an extended distribution in India; all other species are restricted to African continent and south-western Arabian Peninsula. Essential oil composition of fresh leaves and stem of V. bilocularis were characterized for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Germacrene D (39.94% and 15.93%) was identified as the major chemical constituent in the essential oils of leaves and stem. Other notable compounds in the leaf essential oil include bicyclogermacrene, shyobunol, and (E)-β-ocimene, while shyobunol, epi-α-cadinol + epi-α-muurolol, α-cadinol, and (E)-β-ocimene were observed in the stem essential oil. Identification of Germacrene D was also confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Compounds such as α-copaene, β-bourbonene, aromadendrene, γ-gurjunene, isodaucene, cubebol, spathulenol, β-atlantol, junenol, 1,10-di-epi-cubenol, epi-α-cadinol, epi-α-muurolol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol, eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol, shyobunol and (2Z,6E)-farnesol were present only in V. bilocularis among all the Vepris species. Although the Indian species of Vepris consists germacrene D as a major compound, only traceable amount has been reported in other species of Vepris. Comparative analysis of the essential oil composition in Vepris and Toddalia genus and also the dendrogram shows that Vepris is a sister genus of Toddalia. This study describes the chemistry of V. bilocularis essential oil and their differentiation within the genus.