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<p>Postharvest fungal spoilage of Deglet Nour dates threatens product quality and leads to substantial economic losses. This study (i) identified the predominant storage contaminants in Tunisian dates, (ii) determined the chemical composition of three locally available essential oils (EOs) being clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>), bergamot (<i>Citrus bergamia</i>), and Maltese orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> cv. Maltese) and (iii) evaluated their in vitro antifungal activity. Gas chromatography (GC-FID/MS) was used to establish the chemical EOs profiles: clove EO was eugenol-rich, while bergamot and Maltese orange EOs were dominated by linalyl acetate/linalool and limonene, respectively. The isolated contaminants found were identified as <i>Candida colliculosa</i>, <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, and <i>Penicillium</i> sp. Antifungal activity was assessed by disc diffusion and macro-dilution (MIC/MFC). Clove EO exhibited the strongest and broadest activity (MIC 0.20 µL/mL for all isolates; MFC 0.80-2.00 µL/mL), whereas Maltese orange and bergamot EOs were more active against yeasts than molds. Activity trends were consistent with the major constituents (eugenol &gt; limonene/linalool) and known membrane-disruptive mechanisms. Overall, this investigation provides new perspectives on the relationship between local EO chemotypes and antifungal performance, offering a basis for the development of sustainable preservation strategies tailored to North African agro-food systems.</p>

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Integrated Approach for the Characterization of Contaminating Microflora in Tunisian Deglet Nour Dates and their Biocontrol Using Clove, Bergamot, and Maltese Orange Essential Oils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Souha Omrani,
  • Imène Ben Tekaya,
  • Rania Abid,
  • Sana Ben Amara,
  • Nabiha Bouzouita,
  • Ahmed Snoussi

摘要

Postharvest fungal spoilage of Deglet Nour dates threatens product quality and leads to substantial economic losses. This study (i) identified the predominant storage contaminants in Tunisian dates, (ii) determined the chemical composition of three locally available essential oils (EOs) being clove (Syzygium aromaticum), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), and Maltese orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Maltese) and (iii) evaluated their in vitro antifungal activity. Gas chromatography (GC-FID/MS) was used to establish the chemical EOs profiles: clove EO was eugenol-rich, while bergamot and Maltese orange EOs were dominated by linalyl acetate/linalool and limonene, respectively. The isolated contaminants found were identified as Candida colliculosa, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Penicillium sp. Antifungal activity was assessed by disc diffusion and macro-dilution (MIC/MFC). Clove EO exhibited the strongest and broadest activity (MIC 0.20 µL/mL for all isolates; MFC 0.80-2.00 µL/mL), whereas Maltese orange and bergamot EOs were more active against yeasts than molds. Activity trends were consistent with the major constituents (eugenol > limonene/linalool) and known membrane-disruptive mechanisms. Overall, this investigation provides new perspectives on the relationship between local EO chemotypes and antifungal performance, offering a basis for the development of sustainable preservation strategies tailored to North African agro-food systems.