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<p>Echinacea species, particularly Echinacea purpurea, provide bioactives with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory actions, yet clinical utility is constrained by poor stability and bioavailability. This PRISMA-guided systematic review searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from inception to 15 December 2024 and included 22 eligible studies evaluating Echinacea-derived nanoparticles and nanoformulations. Platforms comprised Ag, Au, ZnO, FeOOH, polymeric, lipid, and hybrid systems characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XRD, and HPLC. Across studies, nanoformulation improved bioactive retention, bioavailability, targeting, and pathogen inhibition, with frequent reports of immune support and wound-healing benefits. Standardization, safety, and clinical trials remain essential for safe clinical translation. </p>

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Therapeutic Potential of Echinacea-Derived Nanoparticles: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Wajiha Hasan,
  • Khizra Sohail,
  • Nabeela Mahmood,
  • Huma Qureshi,
  • Tauseef Anwar,
  • Muhammad Anas Awan,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Echinacea species, particularly Echinacea purpurea, provide bioactives with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory actions, yet clinical utility is constrained by poor stability and bioavailability. This PRISMA-guided systematic review searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from inception to 15 December 2024 and included 22 eligible studies evaluating Echinacea-derived nanoparticles and nanoformulations. Platforms comprised Ag, Au, ZnO, FeOOH, polymeric, lipid, and hybrid systems characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XRD, and HPLC. Across studies, nanoformulation improved bioactive retention, bioavailability, targeting, and pathogen inhibition, with frequent reports of immune support and wound-healing benefits. Standardization, safety, and clinical trials remain essential for safe clinical translation.