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<p>This study investigates the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions using raw guinea fowl eggshell powder as a low-cost and locally available biosorbent. The material was characterised using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). A central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to assess the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature on dye removal efficiency. The developed quadratic model showed strong agreement with experimental data (R² = 97.94% ; adjusted R² = 96.09%). Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm best described the equilibrium behaviour, indicating multilayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption. The maximum removal efficiency reached 82.4%, with a moderate adsorption capacity of 10.6&#xa0;mg/g. Despite its low specific surface area (2.17&#xa0;m²/g), the biosorbent exhibited significant reactivity attributed to its surface functional groups. Overall, the proposed model provides a useful predictive tool for process optimisation, although relatively high adsorbent dosages may limit large-scale applicability.</p>

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Low-Cost Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye Using Raw Guinea Fowl Eggshell Powder : Process Optimization, Kinetic Modeling, and Isotherm Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Natacha Ymele-Ngwikam,
  • Francis Merlin Melataguia Tchieno,
  • Lemankreo Dai-Yang,
  • Martin Pengou,
  • Nadège Gatcha-Bandjun,
  • Lionel Magellan Sambang,
  • Charles Peguy Nanseu-Njiki,
  • Emmanuel Ngameni

摘要

This study investigates the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions using raw guinea fowl eggshell powder as a low-cost and locally available biosorbent. The material was characterised using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). A central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to assess the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature on dye removal efficiency. The developed quadratic model showed strong agreement with experimental data (R² = 97.94% ; adjusted R² = 96.09%). Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm best described the equilibrium behaviour, indicating multilayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption. The maximum removal efficiency reached 82.4%, with a moderate adsorption capacity of 10.6 mg/g. Despite its low specific surface area (2.17 m²/g), the biosorbent exhibited significant reactivity attributed to its surface functional groups. Overall, the proposed model provides a useful predictive tool for process optimisation, although relatively high adsorbent dosages may limit large-scale applicability.