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<p>Photocatalytic degradation has emerged as a sustainable approach for mitigating dye pollution in wastewater. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and visible-light photocatalytic evaluation of a WO₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite for the removal of the recalcitrant xanthene dye Eosin Y from aqueous solutions. The composite was prepared by hydrothermal integration of urea-derived g-C₃N₄ with hydrothermally synthesized WO₃ and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Under visible-light irradiation (100&#xa0;W LED) using 50&#xa0;mg catalyst in 100 mL of 20&#xa0;mg L⁻¹ Eosin Y, the WO₃/g-C₃N₄ composite achieved 91% degradation within 180&#xa0;min compared with 73% for pristine WO₃. Tauc-plot analysis gave band gaps of 2.76&#xa0;eV (WO₃) and 2.47&#xa0;eV (composite). Kinetic fitting to a pseudo-first-order model produced rate constants of 12.66 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ (composite) and 7.49 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ (WO₃). The catalyst also displayed excellent reusability, retaining 82.5% of its activity after five cycles. The enhanced performance is attributed to narrowed band gap, extended visible-light absorption, increased active surface area, and suppressed electron–hole recombination via a proposed Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. The composite retained structural stability and photocatalytic activity over repeated cycles. These results demonstrate a low-cost, scalable photocatalyst with practical potential for the remediation of recalcitrant dyes in wastewater.</p>

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Synthesis of WO₃/g-C₃N₄ Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Treatment of Eosin Yellow in Aqueous System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Eseoghene Helen Umukoro,
  • Samson Olaitan Jeje,
  • Eric Mwangi Ngigi,
  • Dosumu Mayowa Emmanuel,
  • Aanuoluwa Lydia Fabunmi,
  • Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe

摘要

Photocatalytic degradation has emerged as a sustainable approach for mitigating dye pollution in wastewater. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and visible-light photocatalytic evaluation of a WO₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite for the removal of the recalcitrant xanthene dye Eosin Y from aqueous solutions. The composite was prepared by hydrothermal integration of urea-derived g-C₃N₄ with hydrothermally synthesized WO₃ and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Under visible-light irradiation (100 W LED) using 50 mg catalyst in 100 mL of 20 mg L⁻¹ Eosin Y, the WO₃/g-C₃N₄ composite achieved 91% degradation within 180 min compared with 73% for pristine WO₃. Tauc-plot analysis gave band gaps of 2.76 eV (WO₃) and 2.47 eV (composite). Kinetic fitting to a pseudo-first-order model produced rate constants of 12.66 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ (composite) and 7.49 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ (WO₃). The catalyst also displayed excellent reusability, retaining 82.5% of its activity after five cycles. The enhanced performance is attributed to narrowed band gap, extended visible-light absorption, increased active surface area, and suppressed electron–hole recombination via a proposed Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. The composite retained structural stability and photocatalytic activity over repeated cycles. These results demonstrate a low-cost, scalable photocatalyst with practical potential for the remediation of recalcitrant dyes in wastewater.