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<p>In this study, CaO/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> embedded g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was synthesized by applying co-precipitation process. The prepared nanocomposite was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The photodegradation potential of the prepared nanocomposite was tested on levofloxacin (LVF) under sunlight illumination. The Influence of various parameters on photodegradation of LVF such as scavengers, contact time, pH, concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, catalyst and LVF were analyzed. The engineered photocatalyst has demonstrated 89% removal efficiency at pH 8, 0.3&#xa0;g catalyst dosage, 5 ppm drug dosage, and 60&#xa0;min contact time. Deterioration kinetics were performed by applying Langmuir-Hinshelwood and first-order reaction models. The innovative aspect of this article is on the synergistic combination of CaO, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, and Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> which has not been investigated before towards the photocatalytic breakdown of LVF. Such a distinct combination promotes the absorption of visible light, separation of charges, and production of reactive species. The ternary oxide system avails multifunctional active sites, hence excellent degradation efficiency. Such a gain provides new direction to the development of effective photocatalysts for the elimination of emerging contaminants.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile Synthesis of CaO/ZrO2/Ce2O3 Embedded g-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Photodegradation of Levofloxacin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Iqra Batool,
  • Muhammad Mustaqeem,
  • Hina Afzal,
  • Muhammad Tariq,
  • Ibrahim A. Alsafari,
  • Farhan A. Khan

摘要

In this study, CaO/ZrO2/Ce2O3 embedded g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized by applying co-precipitation process. The prepared nanocomposite was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The photodegradation potential of the prepared nanocomposite was tested on levofloxacin (LVF) under sunlight illumination. The Influence of various parameters on photodegradation of LVF such as scavengers, contact time, pH, concentration of H2O2, catalyst and LVF were analyzed. The engineered photocatalyst has demonstrated 89% removal efficiency at pH 8, 0.3 g catalyst dosage, 5 ppm drug dosage, and 60 min contact time. Deterioration kinetics were performed by applying Langmuir-Hinshelwood and first-order reaction models. The innovative aspect of this article is on the synergistic combination of CaO, ZrO2, and Ce2O3 with g-C3N4 which has not been investigated before towards the photocatalytic breakdown of LVF. Such a distinct combination promotes the absorption of visible light, separation of charges, and production of reactive species. The ternary oxide system avails multifunctional active sites, hence excellent degradation efficiency. Such a gain provides new direction to the development of effective photocatalysts for the elimination of emerging contaminants.

Graphical Abstract