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<p>The discharge of dye-contaminated wastewater from various industrial sectors poses a significant concern to human health due to its toxic and persistent nature. In this context, three types of chitosan based composites (Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub>, Chitosan/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub>/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites) were synthesized under ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method for the efficient removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous environments. The synthesized hybrid composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and UV results confirmed the formation of a crystalline heterojunction with enhanced visible-light absorption and a narrowed band gap of 2.42&#xa0;eV for the Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub>/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hybrid. The synthetic composites were applied in photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dyes under a visible light source. The Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub>/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ternary composite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98.35% degradation of MB and 97% of CV under natural sunlight. This outperformed the Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub> (89.10% for MB and 86.15% for CV) and Chitosan/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (82.5% for MB and 76.21% for CV) composites under the same conditions. The photoluminescence and photocurrent responses show that increased photocatalytic activity is mostly due to better charge separation and transfer efficiency. These findings indicate that the Chitosan/WO<sub>3</sub>/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanohybrid is a promising, environmentally benign photocatalyst for sustainable wastewater treatment applications. </p>

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Design of Biopolymer-grafted Ga2O3–WO3 Nanohybrid for Efficient Hazardous Dye Remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • K. Lawrence Mary,
  • Arunkumar K,
  • V. Daya Sagar Ketaraju,
  • J. Vijila Manonmoni

摘要

The discharge of dye-contaminated wastewater from various industrial sectors poses a significant concern to human health due to its toxic and persistent nature. In this context, three types of chitosan based composites (Chitosan/WO3, Chitosan/Ga2O3 and Chitosan/WO3/Ga2O3 composites) were synthesized under ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method for the efficient removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous environments. The synthesized hybrid composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and UV results confirmed the formation of a crystalline heterojunction with enhanced visible-light absorption and a narrowed band gap of 2.42 eV for the Chitosan/WO3/Ga2O3 hybrid. The synthetic composites were applied in photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dyes under a visible light source. The Chitosan/WO3/Ga2O3 ternary composite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98.35% degradation of MB and 97% of CV under natural sunlight. This outperformed the Chitosan/WO3 (89.10% for MB and 86.15% for CV) and Chitosan/Ga2O3 (82.5% for MB and 76.21% for CV) composites under the same conditions. The photoluminescence and photocurrent responses show that increased photocatalytic activity is mostly due to better charge separation and transfer efficiency. These findings indicate that the Chitosan/WO3/Ga2O3 nanohybrid is a promising, environmentally benign photocatalyst for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.