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<p>Doping is one of the most widely used strategies to enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconducting materials. To increase the photocatalytic potential of nanostructured bismuth oxide is co-doped with silver and vanadium and the band gap of bismuth oxide is 2.60&#xa0;eV which is reduced to 1.77, 1.83 and 1.87&#xa0;eV, for the co-doped bismuth oxide materials BO-1 (Ag<sub>0.03</sub>V<sub>0.01</sub>Bi<sub>1.96</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ), BO-2 (Ag<sub>0.01</sub>V<sub>0.03</sub>Bi<sub>1.96</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and BO-3 (Ag<sub>0.03</sub>V<sub>0.03</sub>Bi<sub>1.94</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), respectively. PXRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal structure of the co-doped bismuth oxide, and smaller crystallite size (34.85&#xa0;nm) for BO-1. The nanoflake like morphology and elemental composition were determined by FE-SEM and EDX analysis. The optoelectronic properties of co-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were determined by PL spectroscopy which confirmed that the co-doping restrained the charge carrier’s recombination. The visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin (LFX) experiments showed 90.21, 64.87 and 50.25% degradation by BO-1, BO-2 and BO-3, respectively at the optimized condition (5 ppm LFX solution with 0.2&#xa0;g/L dose of catalyst at pH 7). The comparative analysis indicated that BO-1 is the most efficient catalyst because of a smaller band gap and a smaller crystallite size. Further, scavenging tests confirmed that O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> and <sup>•</sup>OH are the reactive oxygen species which are responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of LFX by the addition of p-BQ and IPA and the degradation declined from 90.21 to 50.69% and 65.78%, respectively, in BO-1, BO-2 and BO-3.</p>

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Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Levofloxacin by Silver and Vanadium Co-Doped Bismuth Oxide: Structural, Optical, and Optoelectronic Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月13日

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  • Adnan Ashraf,
  • Muhammad Rehan Faisal,
  • Muhammad Naeem,
  • Muhammad Aadil,
  • Jahan Zaib Arshad,
  • Farhat Nosheen,
  • Muhammad Irslan Ilyas,
  • Mohammad Shahidul Islam,
  • Mohamed A. Habila,
  • Muhammad Asam Raza

摘要

Doping is one of the most widely used strategies to enhance the photocatalytic performance of semiconducting materials. To increase the photocatalytic potential of nanostructured bismuth oxide is co-doped with silver and vanadium and the band gap of bismuth oxide is 2.60 eV which is reduced to 1.77, 1.83 and 1.87 eV, for the co-doped bismuth oxide materials BO-1 (Ag0.03V0.01Bi1.96O3 ), BO-2 (Ag0.01V0.03Bi1.96O3) and BO-3 (Ag0.03V0.03Bi1.94O3), respectively. PXRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal structure of the co-doped bismuth oxide, and smaller crystallite size (34.85 nm) for BO-1. The nanoflake like morphology and elemental composition were determined by FE-SEM and EDX analysis. The optoelectronic properties of co-doped Bi2O3 were determined by PL spectroscopy which confirmed that the co-doping restrained the charge carrier’s recombination. The visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of levofloxacin (LFX) experiments showed 90.21, 64.87 and 50.25% degradation by BO-1, BO-2 and BO-3, respectively at the optimized condition (5 ppm LFX solution with 0.2 g/L dose of catalyst at pH 7). The comparative analysis indicated that BO-1 is the most efficient catalyst because of a smaller band gap and a smaller crystallite size. Further, scavenging tests confirmed that O2•− and •OH are the reactive oxygen species which are responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of LFX by the addition of p-BQ and IPA and the degradation declined from 90.21 to 50.69% and 65.78%, respectively, in BO-1, BO-2 and BO-3.