From Sulfanilamides to Novel Pyrazolone Schiff Bases: A Multistep Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Molecular Docking Investigations
摘要
Synthesis of new sulfanilamide containing Schiff bases through a modified method. Initially, sulfanilamide was converted into its diazonium salt under cold conditions, which was then coupled with ethyl cyanoacetate to produce a novel azo-linked cyanoacetyl intermediate. In the second step, hydrazinolysis of this intermediate was performed, followed by intramolecular cyclization, yielding a new pyrazolone-based hydrazide compound. Subsequently, the primary amine group of the pyrazolone hydrazide was condensed with various aromatic aldehydes to generate structurally novel Schiff bases. At each stage, the synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The final Schiff bases were evaluated for their biological activities, including antimicrobial efficacy and antioxidant potential via DPPH radical scavenging assays. Molecular docking studies were also conducted to predict their binding interactions with target proteins exhibiting both low and high biological activity. Several of the newly synthesized Schiff base derivatives demonstrated potent biological activities, highlighting their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents.
Graphical Abstract