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<p>This study reports the eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using plant extract as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine their structural, morphological, and optical properties. PXRD confirmed the phase purity and crystallinity, while SEM–EDX provided insights into their surface morphology and elemental composition. FTIR analysis identified functional groups responsible for nanoparticle stabilization, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed their optical band gap. The biological efficacy of the CuO nanoparticles was evaluated through antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antioncogenic studies. The nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Shigella sonnei</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>), potent antimycobacterial properties against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv, <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, <i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium chelonae</i>, and promising antioncogenic effects on DU-145 cell lines, highlighting their biomedical potential. Further, a novel graph theory-based approach was employed to analyze the structural attributes and interconnectivity of the nanoparticles. This comprehensive study demonstrates the potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles in biomedical and other advanced applications, offering an eco-friendly alternative for sustainable nanomaterial development.</p>

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Eco-Friendly Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract: Structural, Functional, and Graph Theory-Based Analysis for Advanced Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月26日

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  • M. Mahadeva Swamy,
  • G. K. Prashanth,
  • C. D. Shilpa,
  • A. S. Sowmyashree,
  • Mallikarjun Chougala,
  • K. Gurushantha,
  • Mohan Kumar,
  • D. Kathyayani,
  • Shilpa Patil,
  • H. S. Lalithamba,
  • B. Prashanth

摘要

This study reports the eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using plant extract as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy to determine their structural, morphological, and optical properties. PXRD confirmed the phase purity and crystallinity, while SEM–EDX provided insights into their surface morphology and elemental composition. FTIR analysis identified functional groups responsible for nanoparticle stabilization, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed their optical band gap. The biological efficacy of the CuO nanoparticles was evaluated through antibacterial, antimycobacterial, and antioncogenic studies. The nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhi), potent antimycobacterial properties against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonae, and promising antioncogenic effects on DU-145 cell lines, highlighting their biomedical potential. Further, a novel graph theory-based approach was employed to analyze the structural attributes and interconnectivity of the nanoparticles. This comprehensive study demonstrates the potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles in biomedical and other advanced applications, offering an eco-friendly alternative for sustainable nanomaterial development.