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<p>The construction industry’s reliance on traditional cement-based concrete has raised concerns about escalating production costs and substantial carbon emissions. To mitigate these challenges and promote sustainable construction, it is essential to find alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) that can be utilised in concrete to partially replace cement. This study investigates the potential of ashes derived from cow horns and bamboo, gasified in an updraft reactor, and evaluates their impact on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cement conforming to NIS 444–1:2003 and EN 197–1:2011 was mixed with both coarse and fine aggregates at a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-binder ratio of 0.6. Ash samples were sieved through a 90&#xa0;µm mesh and characterised using SEM and FTIR, before being used as a partial replacement for cement. The concrete strength was evaluated using compressive and split-tensile strength tests at 7-, 28-, and 56-days following BS EN 12390 standards. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed diverse microstructural features, including spongy, porous, flaky, and granular textures, which enhance the binding properties and reactivity of the ashes. The optimal ratio of 1:0.67 cow horn to bamboo ash demonstrated superior pozzolanic properties. Concrete containing up to 15% of this pozzolan as a partial cement replacement exhibited significant strength development over time. By the 56th day, the concrete achieved compressive and split-tensile strengths of 43.07&#xa0;MPa and 6.07&#xa0;MPa, respectively, at 56&#xa0;days, demonstrating suitability for reinforced concrete applications. These findings suggest that cow horn and bamboo ash could serve as a viable SCM for sustainable construction, reducing cement consumption while maintaining concrete performance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Pozzolanic Potential of Ash from Updraft Co-Gasified Cow Horns and Bamboo in Concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Samson Olalekan Odeyemi,
  • Aliyu Shola Jimoh,
  • Adewale George Adeniyi,
  • Omolola Titilayo Odeyemi,
  • Kingsley Ogemdi Iwuozor,
  • Ebuka Chizitere Emenike

摘要

The construction industry’s reliance on traditional cement-based concrete has raised concerns about escalating production costs and substantial carbon emissions. To mitigate these challenges and promote sustainable construction, it is essential to find alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) that can be utilised in concrete to partially replace cement. This study investigates the potential of ashes derived from cow horns and bamboo, gasified in an updraft reactor, and evaluates their impact on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cement conforming to NIS 444–1:2003 and EN 197–1:2011 was mixed with both coarse and fine aggregates at a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-binder ratio of 0.6. Ash samples were sieved through a 90 µm mesh and characterised using SEM and FTIR, before being used as a partial replacement for cement. The concrete strength was evaluated using compressive and split-tensile strength tests at 7-, 28-, and 56-days following BS EN 12390 standards. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed diverse microstructural features, including spongy, porous, flaky, and granular textures, which enhance the binding properties and reactivity of the ashes. The optimal ratio of 1:0.67 cow horn to bamboo ash demonstrated superior pozzolanic properties. Concrete containing up to 15% of this pozzolan as a partial cement replacement exhibited significant strength development over time. By the 56th day, the concrete achieved compressive and split-tensile strengths of 43.07 MPa and 6.07 MPa, respectively, at 56 days, demonstrating suitability for reinforced concrete applications. These findings suggest that cow horn and bamboo ash could serve as a viable SCM for sustainable construction, reducing cement consumption while maintaining concrete performance.

Graphical Abstract