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<p>This study aimed to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using citric acid as a precursor through a hydrothermal approach and the poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes via nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The prepared PES membrane was surface-citrated to impregnate CQDs through esterification. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed appropriate optical properties of the CQDs, whereas the dynamic light scattering expressed the <i>z</i>-average size of 165&#xa0;nm and the zeta potential of -11.3 mV. The scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that the unloaded PES membrane appeared porous with cylindrical cavities. The CQD-treated membrane expressed dispersed spherical morphologies over the membrane surface. FTIR results demonstrated the successful application of CQDs on the PES surface through citrate moieties. CQD coating improved the thermal and tensile properties of the CQD-treated PES membrane, whereas elongation at the break slightly decreased. The surface hydrophilicity and porosity of the treated PES membranes also improved. Theuntreated PES membrane expressed a flux rate of 10.5 mL/cm<sup>2</sup>/h, which improved to 14.0-46.5 mL/cm<sup>2</sup>/h after surface modification, depending on the CQD contents. The CDQ-loaded PES membranes were employed for photodegradation methylene blue (MB) under incandescent light in the aqueous media. The membranes expressed dye concentration and pH-sensitive MB photodegradation behavior with maximum efficiency (90%) at pH 9. The citration of the PES membrane before CQD impregnation facilitated the uniform distribution of the latter, thus enhancing the surface area for efficient dye degradation. The study aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 9, 12, and 13, promoting clean water, innovation, responsible consumption, and climate action.</p>

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Carbon Quantum Dot Impregnation of Poly(Ethersulfone) Membranes for Sustainable Photocatalysis of Methylene Blue

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Tazeen Riaz,
  • Zulfiqar Ali Raza,
  • Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan

摘要

This study aimed to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using citric acid as a precursor through a hydrothermal approach and the poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes via nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The prepared PES membrane was surface-citrated to impregnate CQDs through esterification. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed appropriate optical properties of the CQDs, whereas the dynamic light scattering expressed the z-average size of 165 nm and the zeta potential of -11.3 mV. The scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that the unloaded PES membrane appeared porous with cylindrical cavities. The CQD-treated membrane expressed dispersed spherical morphologies over the membrane surface. FTIR results demonstrated the successful application of CQDs on the PES surface through citrate moieties. CQD coating improved the thermal and tensile properties of the CQD-treated PES membrane, whereas elongation at the break slightly decreased. The surface hydrophilicity and porosity of the treated PES membranes also improved. Theuntreated PES membrane expressed a flux rate of 10.5 mL/cm2/h, which improved to 14.0-46.5 mL/cm2/h after surface modification, depending on the CQD contents. The CDQ-loaded PES membranes were employed for photodegradation methylene blue (MB) under incandescent light in the aqueous media. The membranes expressed dye concentration and pH-sensitive MB photodegradation behavior with maximum efficiency (90%) at pH 9. The citration of the PES membrane before CQD impregnation facilitated the uniform distribution of the latter, thus enhancing the surface area for efficient dye degradation. The study aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 9, 12, and 13, promoting clean water, innovation, responsible consumption, and climate action.