Green Spectrophotometric Techniques for the Determination of Acetamiprid in Synthetic Wastewater
摘要
The present study investigates the quantification of acetamiprid by derivative spectrophotometric techniques. Acetamiprid was widely utilized to control pest populations and mitigate their detrimental effects in domestic settings, agriculture, and various other sectors. However, despite their efficacy, acetamiprid has significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of pesticide concentrations in wastewater, is essential. To quantify acetamiprid, among the available analytical approaches, one of the simplest methods for enhancing selectivity is the derivatization of spectra by spectrophotometry. This process eliminates spectral interferences, hence enhancing the selectivity of the acetamiprid determination. Derivation of digital data sets is a recognized method for distinguishing meaningful signals from noisy data. Graphical techniques, including peak-to-baseline, peak-to-peak, and peak area measurements, were employed to determine derivative values and analyze it. The relationship between acetamiprid concentration and peak height was evaluated at 229.68 nm and 267.83 nm for the first derivative, (219, 250) nm for the second derivative, and (228, 265) nm for the third derivative within a concentration range of 0.5–14 μg/mL of acetamiprid. To evaluate the linear correlation between acetamiprid concentration and the area under the peaks, the peak-to-peak area method was applied at specific wavelength intervals. The calculated peak areas were (206–243, 243–305) nm, (206–229, 229–267) nm, and (206–220, 220–239) nm for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd derivative spectra, respectively. The environmental effect of the proposed analytical approaches was assessed using the analytical eco-scale, analytical greenness, and green analytical procedure index tools. The developed method was applied to quantify acetamiprid in a synthetic wastewater sample, yielding recovery rates of 96–99% for the first, second, and third derivative measurements.