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<p>This study presents a fast and effective technique for extracting and quantifying Naproxen from biological and aqueous samples. The method utilizes magnetic-dispersive solid-phase microextraction in combination with spectrofluorimetry. A magnetic and hydrophobic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>@Me sorbent with high efficiency was synthesized by surface modification of silica-coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles using a trimethoxymethylsilane precursor to acquire a simple and efficient sorbent for the separation of Naproxen. The structural properties of the hydrophobic sorbent Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>@Me were determined via various instrumental analyses, such as FT-IR, EDX, XRD, VSM, and TEM. The extraction efficiency of the magnetic and hydrophobic sorbent for measuring the Naproxen concentration was determined. Furthermore, the research explored the impact of different variables including the ionic strength, duration of extraction, and type and quantity of solvent used for desorption, on the effectiveness of extraction/desorption was explored. To demonstrate the high sensitivity of this developed method, the limits of detection (0.85&#xa0;ngmL<sup>−1</sup>) and quantification (3&#xa0;ngmL<sup>−1</sup>) were determined for Naproxen. A short extraction time (12&#xa0;min), or very good extraction speed, was also achieved for this method. The new approach demonstrated excellent repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2% (n = 5), for the enriched aqueous solution containing Naproxen at a concentration of 25&#xa0;ngmL<sup>−1</sup>. The analyte calibration curve was evaluated within the broad dynamic concentration range of 3–1000&#xa0;ngL<sup>−1</sup>, which yielded excellent linearity, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9998. Interestingly, the results revealed that the hydrophobic surfaces of the sorbent strongly promoted the adsorption of Naproxen. This green, magnetic and novel approach offers a balance of speed, sensitivity, and simplicity, outperforms existing methods for Naproxen detection and can be considered an efficient method alongside existing methods for the adsorption of other pharmaceutical contaminants.</p>

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Design and Synthesis of a Simple and Hydrophobic Magnetic Sorbent, Fe3O4–SiO2@Me, for the Extraction and Determination of Naproxen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • Ali Roostaie,
  • Akbar Mobaraki,
  • Hamid Abedi,
  • Mohsen Sheydaei,
  • Hani Paryabi

摘要

This study presents a fast and effective technique for extracting and quantifying Naproxen from biological and aqueous samples. The method utilizes magnetic-dispersive solid-phase microextraction in combination with spectrofluorimetry. A magnetic and hydrophobic Fe3O4–SiO2@Me sorbent with high efficiency was synthesized by surface modification of silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using a trimethoxymethylsilane precursor to acquire a simple and efficient sorbent for the separation of Naproxen. The structural properties of the hydrophobic sorbent Fe3O4–SiO2@Me were determined via various instrumental analyses, such as FT-IR, EDX, XRD, VSM, and TEM. The extraction efficiency of the magnetic and hydrophobic sorbent for measuring the Naproxen concentration was determined. Furthermore, the research explored the impact of different variables including the ionic strength, duration of extraction, and type and quantity of solvent used for desorption, on the effectiveness of extraction/desorption was explored. To demonstrate the high sensitivity of this developed method, the limits of detection (0.85 ngmL−1) and quantification (3 ngmL−1) were determined for Naproxen. A short extraction time (12 min), or very good extraction speed, was also achieved for this method. The new approach demonstrated excellent repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2% (n = 5), for the enriched aqueous solution containing Naproxen at a concentration of 25 ngmL−1. The analyte calibration curve was evaluated within the broad dynamic concentration range of 3–1000 ngL−1, which yielded excellent linearity, with an R2 value of 0.9998. Interestingly, the results revealed that the hydrophobic surfaces of the sorbent strongly promoted the adsorption of Naproxen. This green, magnetic and novel approach offers a balance of speed, sensitivity, and simplicity, outperforms existing methods for Naproxen detection and can be considered an efficient method alongside existing methods for the adsorption of other pharmaceutical contaminants.