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<p>With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewater has become a critical environmental challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from garlic and the metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) was investigated as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the antibiotic ofloxacin from aqueous environments. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. To optimize the adsorption conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was employed. The results indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibited a significant synergistic effect compared to pure MIL-101(Cr) in the removal of ofloxacin. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for ofloxacin, calculated based on the Langmuir isotherm model, was 196.08 mg/g. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the adsorption process of ofloxacin onto the nanocomposite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneous nature of the ofloxacin adsorption process onto the synthesized adsorbent. The proposed adsorption mechanism was based on multiple interactions including hydrogen bonding, π-π and n-π interactions, and electrostatic attractions between ofloxacin molecules and the nanocomposite surface. Regeneration studies showed that the synthesized nanocomposite maintained high efficiency in the removal of ofloxacin after 5 cycles of use, with its efficiency decreasing from 98.03% to 90.47%. In conclusion, the MIL-101(Cr)-CQDs Garlic (MCG) nanocomposite was introduced as an efficient and biocompatible adsorbent for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments. </p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Efficient Removal of Ofloxacin from Water Using MIL-101(Cr)/Carbon Quantum Dot Nanocomposite: A Green Synthesis and Experimental Design Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月6日

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  • Mohammad Javad Jahangiri,
  • Tayebeh Shamspur,
  • Ali Mostafavi

摘要

With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the effective removal of antibiotics from wastewater has become a critical environmental challenge. In this study, a novel nanocomposite based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from garlic and the metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) was investigated as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the antibiotic ofloxacin from aqueous environments. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. To optimize the adsorption conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was employed. The results indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibited a significant synergistic effect compared to pure MIL-101(Cr) in the removal of ofloxacin. The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for ofloxacin, calculated based on the Langmuir isotherm model, was 196.08 mg/g. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the adsorption process of ofloxacin onto the nanocomposite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies indicated the spontaneous nature of the ofloxacin adsorption process onto the synthesized adsorbent. The proposed adsorption mechanism was based on multiple interactions including hydrogen bonding, π-π and n-π interactions, and electrostatic attractions between ofloxacin molecules and the nanocomposite surface. Regeneration studies showed that the synthesized nanocomposite maintained high efficiency in the removal of ofloxacin after 5 cycles of use, with its efficiency decreasing from 98.03% to 90.47%. In conclusion, the MIL-101(Cr)-CQDs Garlic (MCG) nanocomposite was introduced as an efficient and biocompatible adsorbent for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments.

Graphical Abstract