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<p>The perceivable contamination of groundwater in the Okinni area of Osogbo metropolis (Nigeria) by petroleum products in the year 2020 inspired this study. The ten available wells in the affected area were selected for this study. The physicochemical properties of the groundwater were measured according to standard methods. The n-alkanes (nC8–nC40) in the groundwater samples were solvent-extracted and analysed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector. Most of the physicochemical parameters of the groundwater were within the national and international standards. There was abundance of nC8 to nC25 in seven groundwater. Pristane, phytane, nC14–nC15, nC26–nC40, nC17, nC19 and nC22 were below limits of detection. Total concentrations of the petroleum alkane (PAs) detected across the locations ranged 6.3–107&#xa0;mg/L. While low molecular weight nC8–nC10 were the dominant PAs in the groundwater, nC8 accounted for &gt; 50% of the total PA concentration per location. The groundwater closest to the petrol filling station experienced the highest PA contamination. The petroleum products were partitioned into the groundwater based on their adsorption coefficients (log Koc). Source-identification protocols confirmed that gasoline, kerosene and diesel, as well as motor oil, were responsible for the measured n-alkanes. The health risks assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) protocols showed that nC8–nC18 in the groundwater posed a high non-carcinogenic risk to humans via oral ingestion and dermal contact. Thus, leaking petroleum products from the commercial petrol filling station caused groundwater contamination with consequential human health risks.</p>

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Contamination Level, Sources and Risk Assessment of Leaked Petroleum n-Alkanes in the Groundwater of Okinni Area, Osogbo, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Adebanjo Jacob Anifowose,
  • Ndamati Noble Elenwo,
  • Kudirat Funmilola Ganiyu,
  • Monsurat Tolani Abdullahi,
  • Anjolajesu Oluwatoyin Odeyemi,
  • Shola Hezekiah Awojide

摘要

The perceivable contamination of groundwater in the Okinni area of Osogbo metropolis (Nigeria) by petroleum products in the year 2020 inspired this study. The ten available wells in the affected area were selected for this study. The physicochemical properties of the groundwater were measured according to standard methods. The n-alkanes (nC8–nC40) in the groundwater samples were solvent-extracted and analysed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector. Most of the physicochemical parameters of the groundwater were within the national and international standards. There was abundance of nC8 to nC25 in seven groundwater. Pristane, phytane, nC14–nC15, nC26–nC40, nC17, nC19 and nC22 were below limits of detection. Total concentrations of the petroleum alkane (PAs) detected across the locations ranged 6.3–107 mg/L. While low molecular weight nC8–nC10 were the dominant PAs in the groundwater, nC8 accounted for > 50% of the total PA concentration per location. The groundwater closest to the petrol filling station experienced the highest PA contamination. The petroleum products were partitioned into the groundwater based on their adsorption coefficients (log Koc). Source-identification protocols confirmed that gasoline, kerosene and diesel, as well as motor oil, were responsible for the measured n-alkanes. The health risks assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) protocols showed that nC8–nC18 in the groundwater posed a high non-carcinogenic risk to humans via oral ingestion and dermal contact. Thus, leaking petroleum products from the commercial petrol filling station caused groundwater contamination with consequential human health risks.