<p>With the growing global energy crisis, increasing demand for sustainable fuels, and the need for high-efficiency biodiesel production, a detailed review of emerging technologies is crucial. Unlike recent reviews, this work uniquely integrates advancements in machine learning, artificial intelligence-driven optimization, and novel biodiesel production technologies to offer a more comprehensive perspective on overcoming contemporary challenges in the biodiesel industry. Artificial intelligence and machine learning facilitate optimal biodiesel yield, enhance prediction accuracy, reduce costs, and improve process efficiency using advanced algorithms like adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system—genetic algorithm and extreme gradient boosting. The novel technology such as controlled crushing device enables simultaneous oilseed crushing and transesterification, achieving high biodiesel yields up to 97.5% conversion in just 7 min while cutting energy consumption by 71%–98%. The ball-milling method enhances efficiency by transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy, reducing reaction times from 4 h to just 25 min. Microbubble-mediated technology accelerates esterification and transesterification by improving mass transfer, with innovative catalysts achieving biodiesel conversions of up to 92% in 30 min while maintaining catalyst stability over multiple cycles. These process advancements are complemented by rigorous quality control measures, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, which provide biodiesel property assessments, ensuring compliance with international fuel standards. These innovations improve biodiesel production by maximizing yield, minimizing environmental impact, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring fuel quality, positioning biodiesel as a more sustainable as well as competitive alternative to fossil fuels. </p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>