Evaluation of Ternary Thiazole-Coumarin-Azomethine Derivatives as Multi-Target Inhibitors: α-Amylase, Urease, Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activities with Molecular Docking Studies

Present studies primarily demonstrate the evaluation of ternary thiazole-coumarin-azomethine derivatives for their in-vitro assessment against α-amylase, urease, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Ternary thiazole-coumarin-azomethine derivatives (6a-k) showed significant antioxidant potential and α-amylase, urease inhibition potential. The anticipated structures of prepared compounds were confirmed through FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. All synthesized compounds showed satisfactory results against urease, α-amylase, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial when compared with the standard drugs thiourea, acarbose, ascorbic acid, and kanamycin. The compound 6f bearing a 2-methoxy-3-bromo- on phenyl ring displayed the highest α-amylase and antioxidant activities with IC₅₀ 73.8 ± 0.03 and 66.0 ± 0.85 µM, whereas the derivative 6 h having a methoxy substituent at para position of phenyl showed the highest potential against urease with IC₅₀ = 26.1 ± 0.61 µM. The binding mode of the synthesized derivatives was additionally assessed through molecular docking, elucidating the significance of the azomethine group in protein–ligand interactions. The docking scores align with the IC₅₀ values of the compounds, while the interaction pattern of the compounds distinctly illustrates their structure–activity relationship. The current study reported the medicinal importance of ternary thiazole-coumarin-azomethine derivatives as future drug candidates for managing urease, α-amylase, and free radical scavenging.

Assessment of Ternary Thiazole-Coumarin-Azomethine Derivatives as Multi-target Inhibitors: α-Amylase, Urease, Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activities with Molecular Docking Studies