Unveiling the Essence of Isoliquiritigenin: Exploring Its Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Potential

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a prominent chalcone-type flavonoid primarily derived from liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza species), showcases remarkable therapeutic potential across a spectrum of pharmacological actions. Its diverse attributes include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties. This comprehensive review investigates the chemistry, structure-activity relationships (SAR), pharmacokinetics, derivatives, novel formulations, and mode of action of ISL. The intricate molecular structure of ISL and its intricate interactions with biological systems are meticulously elucidated. Insights into its pharmacokinetics, spanning absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, are essential for discerning its in vivo behaviour and therapeutic effectiveness. Furthermore, the review delves into ISL’s mode of action, revealing its modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, glucose metabolism, and cancer progression, underscoring its pharmacological versatility. By consolidating existing knowledge and recent advancements in ISL research, the review emphasizes its pivotal role in managing various disease conditions. The integration of chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and mode of action enriches our understanding of ISL’s therapeutic spectrum, facilitating its rational development and clinical application in the realm of medicine.