Comprehensive Analysis of Antidiabetic Properties in Raphanus sativus Leaves: A Synergistic In-Silico and In-Vitro Approach

One of the biggest problems the scientific community currently confronting in the twenty-first century is diabetes mellitus. It is a well-known multifactorial health problem that causes serious consequences, especially those pertaining to renal damage, neuropathy, and cardiovascular illnesses, which significantly raise death rates. In recent decades, research on plants cited in ancient literature or traditionally used for diabetes has demonstrated their anti-diabetic effects. In this present paper, we studied the anti-diabetic of radish (Raphanus sativus) utilizing an in-vitro glucose uptake assay. We also evaluated the in-silico physio-chemical properties of the constituents identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) from extract, as well as molecular docking and MD simulation over GLUT-4. In-vitro assay demonstrated considerable cell viability of 87.46–69.07% with radish leaf extract (10–100 µg/ml). Additionally, a maximum glucose uptake of 7.17 mM was reached at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. According to the molecular docking results, gamma-sitosterol was identified with a high-binding affinity of − 10.3 Kcal/mol over GLUT-4 protein. It also showed considerable physicochemical properties. Additionally, the MD simulation data showed that compound 17 is stable inside the GLUT4 receptor. This study highlights the anti-diabetic potential of Raphanus sativus leaf extract and its phytoconstituent as supported by a systematic in-silico approach, which could be considered in order to create effective and secure GLUT-4 inhibitors to treat diabetic patients.