Chitosan Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles by Brassica oleracea leaf Extract: An in-vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity on Breast Cancer MCF-7

Chitosan encapsulation can improve the stability of silver nanoparticles, preventing agglomeration and degradation. This enhances their shelf life and effectiveness in biomedical applications. Chitosan can facilitate controlled and sustained release of silver nanoparticles, which is beneficial for therapeutic applications. This can be especially relevant in drug delivery systems and in targeting specific sites within the body. The current research utilized a plant extract derived from Brassica oleracea leaves to create chitosan biopolymer-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (Ch-AgNPs). Later on, these nanoparticles were employed as an agent capable of fighting bacterial infections and impeding the proliferation of cancer cells. In this present study was to determine the phytochemical composition of the B. oleracea leaf extract by the use of preliminary phytochemical analysis and GCMS. In our findings, GCMS revealed that the 45 bioactive compounds were presented in the leaf extract of B. oleracea. The UV-visible spectrometer has confirmed that the silver nanoparticles in the sample were produced through the reduction of silver ions. In addition, the FTIR analysis has provided further data that supports the existence of biological components in the synthesis process. The XRD examination verified the stability and crystalline structure of the materials, while a particle-size analyzer projected that the nanomaterials will exhibit a size range ranging from 10 to 80 nm. Artificially synthesized materials exhibit antibacterial properties against various bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, when tested in controlled laboratory conditions. The application of green-produced Ch-AgNPs resulted in the formation of an inhibitory zone measuring 15 to 22 mm, which indicates the effective suppression of microbial activity against the bacteria. Ch-AgNPs, with a maximum efficacy of 100%, were exposed to several strains of microorganisms at a concentration of 500 µg/ml during an overnight incubation. The IC₅₀ value of the synthesized Ch-AgNPs against the MCF7 cell line was found to be 37.0 µg/mL. The apoptotic effects of Ch-AgNPs were further confirmed through the use of AO/EtBr and DAPI labeling. The study in question has the capacity to propel research on innovative therapeutic alternatives for breast cancer, a widely prevalent type of cancer among women.